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A re-examination of responding on ratio and regulated-probability interval schedules.

ABSTRACT: The higher response rates observed on ratio than on matched interval reward schedules has been attributed to the differential reinforcement of longer inter-response times (IRTs) on the interval contingency. Some data, however, seem to contradict this hypothesis, showing that the difference is still observed when the role of IRT reinforcement is neutralized by using a regulated-probability interval schedule (RPI). Given the mixed evidence for these predictions, we re-examined this hypothesis by training three groups of rats to lever press under ratio, interval and RPI schedules across two phases while matching reward rates within triads. At the end of the first phase, the master ratio and RPI groups responded at similar rates. In the second phase, an interval group yoked to the same master ratio group of the first phase responded at a lower rate than the RPI group. Post-hoc analysis showed comparable reward rates for master and yoked schedules. The experienced response-outcome rate correlations were likewise similar and approached zero as training progressed. We discuss these results in terms of a contemporary dual-system model of instrumental conditioning.

SUBMITTER: Perez OD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6264404 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A re-examination of responding on ratio and regulated-probability interval schedules.

Pérez Omar D OD Aitken Michael R F MRF Milton Amy L AL Dickinson Anthony A

Learning and motivation 20181101

The higher response rates observed on ratio than on matched interval reward schedules has been attributed to the differential reinforcement of longer inter-response times (IRTs) on the interval contingency. Some data, however, seem to contradict this hypothesis, showing that the difference is still observed when the role of IRT reinforcement is neutralized by using a regulated-probability interval schedule (RPI). Given the mixed evidence for these predictions, we re-examined this hypothesis by t ...[more]

PMID: 30532341

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Project description:BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) can cause impulsivity with premature responses, but there are several potential mechanisms. We proposed a distinction between poor decision-making and the distortion of temporal perception. Both effects may be present and interact, but with different clinical and pharmacological correlates.ObjectivesThis study assessed premature responding during time perception in PD.MethodsIn this study, 18 PD patients and 19 age-matched controls completed 2 temporal discrimination tasks (bisection and trisection) and a baseline reaction-time task. Timing sensitivity and decision-making processes were quantified by response and response time. An extended version of the modified difference model was used to examine the precision of time representation and the modulation of response time by stimulus ambiguity.ResultsIn the bisection task, patients had a lower bisection point (P?<?.05) and reduced timing sensitivity when compared with controls (P?<?.001). In the trisection task, patients showed lower sensitivity in discriminating between short and medium standards (P?<?.05). The impairment in timing sensitivity correlated positively with patients' levodopa dose equivalent (P?<?.05). Critically, patients had disproportionately faster response times when compared with controls in more ambiguous conditions, and the degree of acceleration of response time increased with disease severity (P?<?.05). Computational modeling indicated that patients had poorer precision in time representation and stronger modulation of response time by task ambiguity, leading to smaller scaling of the decision latency (P?<?.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that timing deficits in PD cannot be solely attributed to perceptual distortions, but are also associated with impulsive decision strategies that bias patients toward premature responses. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Dataset Information

A re-examination of responding on ratio and regulated-probability interval schedules.

Publications

A re-examination of responding on ratio and regulated-probability interval schedules.

Similar Datasets

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