Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Some Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sun L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6264579 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:To explore more efficient and less toxic antibacterial and antifungal pesticides, we utilized 2,6-difluorobenzamide as a starting material and ultimately synthesized 23 novel benzoylurea derivatives containing a pyrimidine moiety. Their structures were characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, and HRMS. The bioassay results demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited moderate to good in vitro antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea in cucumber, Botrytis cinerea in tobacco, Botrytis cinerea in blueberry, Phomopsis sp., and Rhizoctonia solani. Notably, compounds 4j and 4l displayed EC50 values of 6.72 and 5.21 μg/mL against Rhizoctonia solani, respectively, which were comparable to that of hymexazol (6.11 μg/mL). Meanwhile, at 200 and 100 concentrations, the target compounds 4a-4w exhibited lower in vitro antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, respectively, compared to those of thiodiazole copper. Furthermore, the molecular docking simulation demonstrated that compound 4l formed hydrogen bonds with SER-17 and SER-39 of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), providing a possible explanation for the mechanism of action between the target compounds and SDH. This study represents the first report on the antifungal and antibacterial activities of novel benzoylurea derivatives containing a pyrimidine moiety.
| S-EPMC10535663 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, twenty novel pyrimidine derivatives bearing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole skeleton were designed and synthesized. Then their antifungal activity against Botrytis cinereal (B. cinereal), Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), and Phomopsis sp. were determined using the poison plate technique. Biological test results showed that compound 6h revealed lower EC50 values (25.9 and 50.8 μg/ml) on Phompsis sp. than those of pyrimethanil (32.1 and 62.8 μg/ml).
| S-EPMC9213879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPant diseases in agriculture are extremely difficult to control, which bring about for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year; Nicotinamide derivatives has attracted more and more attention in the field of pesticide due to their broad bioactivities. In an effort to discover new molecules with good antifungal activity, a series of nicotinamide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and bio-assayed.ResultsBioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited favorable antifungal activities against Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Cytospora mandshurica. compounds 7b, 7c, 8, 9a, 9b, and 9c displayed 46.4%, 39.6%, 53.0%, 43.2%, 58.3%, 45.6% activities against G. Zeae, respectively; the activities of compounds 7a, 7b, 8, 9a, 9b, and 9c against F. oxysporum were 55.2%, 51.1%, 58.9%, 63.2%, 53.3%, and 47.6%, respectively; whereas inhibitory rates of compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, 8, 9a, 9b, and 9c on C. mandshurica were 53.1%, 49.9%, 44.9%, 52.8%, 59.8%, 54.5%, and 49.3%, respectively.ConclusionA series of the novel nicotinamide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and bio-assayed. The results of antifungal tests revealed that the synthesized nicotinamide derivatives possessed weakly to moderately antifungal activities against G. zeae, F. oxysporum, and C. mandshurica. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited similar activities as (or higher than) these of hymexozol on their corresponding fungus, and compounds 7a, 8, 9a, and 9b showed considerable prospects for further optimization. Primary structure-activity relationships revealed that the introduction of the groups of 4-chloro-6-methyl on benzene, the hydrazone group containing N,N-dimethylamino, and acetyl at -NH2 could enhance the antifungal activity.
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Project description:In this study, 17 novel pyrimidine derivatives containing an amide moiety were synthesized. Then their in vitro antifungal activities against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), Phomopsis sp., and Botrytis cinereal (B. cinereal) were determined. A preliminary biological test showed that compounds 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(2-((2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)benzamide (5f) and 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(3-((2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)benzamide (5o) exhibited higher antifungal activity against Phomopsis sp., with an inhibition rate of 100% compared to that of Pyrimethanil at 85.1%. In particular, compound 5o exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Phompsis sp., with the EC50 value of 10.5 μg/ml, which was even better than that of Pyrimethanil (32.1 μg/ml). As far as we know, this is the first report on the antifungal activities against B. dothidea, Phomopsis sp., and B. cinereal of this series of pyrimidine derivatives containing an amide moiety.
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Project description:In order to identify novel chlorantraniliprole derivatives as potential insecticides or fungicides, 25 analogues of chlorantraniliprole were synthesized. The insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm and the antifungal activities against five typical fungi of these derivatives were tested. Compounds 2u, 2x and 2y exhibited good activities against oriental armyworm, especially compounds 2u and 2x which showed higher larvicidal activities than indoxacarb. Moreover, all of the tested compounds exhibited activities against five typical fungi. The Ki values of all synthesized compounds were calculated using AutoDock4. The relationship between the Ki values and the results of insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm further indicated that the membrane-spanning domain protein of the ryanodine receptor might contain chlorantraniliprole binding sites.
| S-EPMC6272368 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite the availability of many drugs to treat infectious diseases, the problems like narrow antimicrobial spectrum, drug resistance, hypersensitivities and systemic toxicities are hampering their clinical utility. Based on the above facts, in the present study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal activity of novel fluorinated compounds comprising of chalcones bearing trifluoromethyl (A1-A10) and trifluoromethoxy (B1-B10) substituents. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) bacterial and fungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) strains. In this study, the compounds with trifluoromethoxy group were more effective than those with trifluoromethyl group. Among the 20 fluorinated chalcones, compound A3/B3 bearing an indole ring attached to the olefinic carbon have been proved to possess the most antimicrobial activity compared to the standard drugs without showing cytotoxicity on human normal liver cell line (L02). Further, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for A3/B3 was determined by serial tube dilution method and showed potential activity. These results would provide promising access to future study about the development of novel agents against bacterial and fungal infections.
| S-EPMC7695348 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In order to find pesticides with insecticidal and antifungal activities, a series of novel benzoyl pyrimidinylurea derivatives were designed and synthesized. All target compounds were identified by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. Insecticidal and antifungal activity of these compounds were evaluated and the structure-activity relationships (SAR) were clearly and comprehensively illustrated. Compound 7, with low toxicity to zebrafish (LC50 = 378.387 µg mL-1) showed 100% inhibition against mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens) at 0.25 µg mL-1. Both compounds 19 and 25 exhibited broad-spectrum fungicidal activity (>50% inhibitory activities against 13 phytopathogenic fungi), which were better than those of the commercial pesticide pyrimethanil (>50% inhibitory activities against eight phytopathogenic fungi). Furthermore, compounds 19 and 25 exhibited protective activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on leaves of Brassica oleracea L. during in vivo experiments.
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Project description:Aimed at developing novel fungicides for relieving the ever-increasing pressure of agricultural production caused by phytopathogenic fungi, 28 new hydrazone derivatives of carabrone, a natural bioactive sesquisterpene, in three types were designed, synthesized and their antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum lagenarium were evaluated. The result revealed that all the derivatives synthesized exhibited considerable antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo, which led to the improved activities for carabrone and its analogues and further confirmed their potential as antifungal agents.
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Project description:Based on benzoxazole and benzothiazole scaffold as an important pharmacophore, two series of 2-(aryloxymethyl) benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized and their antifungal effects against eight phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated. Compounds 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited significant antifungal activities against most of the pathogens tested. Especially 5a, 5b, 5h, 5i, 5j, and 6h inhibited the growth of F. solani with IC50 of 4.34⁻17.61 μg/mL, which were stronger than that of the positive control, hymexazol (IC50 of 38.92 μg/mL). 5h was the most potent inhibitor (IC50 of 4.34 μg/mL) against F. Solani, which was about nine times more potent than hymexazol. Most of the test compounds displayed significant antifungal effects against B. cinerea (IC50 of 19.92⁻77.41 μg/mL), among them, 5a was the best one (IC50 of 19.92 μg/mL). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) were compared and analyzed. The result indicates that the electron-drawing ability and position of the substituents have a significant impact on biological activities. Furthermore, docking studies were carried out on the lipid transfer protein sec14p from S. cerevisiae, and preliminarily verified the antifungal activities. Taken together, these results provide 2-(phenoxymethyl)benzo[d]oxazole as an encouraging framework that could lead to the development of potent novel antifungal agents.
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Project description:The rise and emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs by diverse pathogenic fungal strains have resulted in an increase in demand for new antifungal agents. Various heterocyclic scaffolds with different mechanisms of action against fungi have been investigated in the past. Herein, we report the synthesis and antifungal activities of 18 alkylated mono-, bis-, and trisbenzimidazole derivatives, their toxicities against mammalian cells, as well as their ability to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in yeast cells. Many of our bisbenzimidazole compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antifungal activities against all tested fungal strains, with MIC values ranging from 15.6 to 0.975?g/mL. The fungal activity profiles of our bisbenzimidazoles were found to be dependent on alkyl chain length. Our most potent compounds were found to display equal or superior antifungal activity when compared to the currently used agents amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole against many of the strains tested.
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