Dietary Bioactive Components
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ABSTRACT:
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC6265820 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Interventions: secondary prevention-FS:folic acid 0.8mg/day,sodium butyrate 700mg tid;primary prevention-control group:routine treatment;Group I-CV:calcium 1200mg/d vitamin D3 250 IU/d;primary prevention:folic acid 0.8mg/day;Group II-S:sodium butyrate 700mg tid;Group II-RT:therapeutic endoscopy and routine treatment;Group I-RT:routine treatment;Group II-FSCV:folic acid 0.8mg/day, sodium butyrate 700mg tid, c;Group II-CV:folic acid 0.8mg/day, sodium butyrate 700mg tid, c
Primary outcome(s): incidence of polypi or carcinom;serum calcium
Study Design: Randomized parallel controlled trial
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Project description:In this study the dietary fibre (DF) of fresh and processed murta berries was characterised with respect to bioactive and antioxidant properties. DF content was determined by three different methods (AOAC, dialysis membrane and indigestible fraction methods) comparing their effectiveness. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds (PC) in purée, fruit leather and isolated DF of murta berries was evaluated by DPPH and ORAC assays. Total phenolics and flavonoids linked to DF were determined by colorimetric tests, while PC profiles in the respective murta products were identified by HPLC. DF concentration was > 50 g/100 g dm, fluctuating between 52.03 ± 1.32 and 57.18 ± 0.61 g/100 g dm, exhibiting simultaneously high antioxidant activity, with ORAC values of 38,190 ± 661 and 26,425 ± 1399 µmol Trolox equivalent/100 g dm in the isolated DF of fresh murta berries and processed murta fruit leather respectively, which enabled a classification as antioxidant dietary fibre. Total phenolics and flavonoids linked to DF retained a high concentration in the fruit leather, implying a favourable effect of processing. Gallic acid and pyrogallol were found associated to DF, at a level of 34.03 ± 1.17 and 631.07 ± 22.10 mg/100 g dm in the fresh berries respectively, which conferred to murta berries a functional property not yet reported.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05416-1.
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Project description:Animal venoms are widely recognized excellent resources for the discovery of novel drug leads and physiological tools. Most are comprised of a large number of components, of which the enzymes, small peptides, and proteins are studied for their important bioactivities. However, in spite of there being over 2000 venomous fish species, piscine venoms have been relatively underrepresented in the literature thus far. Most studies have explored whole or partially fractioned venom, revealing broad pharmacology, which includes cardiovascular, neuromuscular, cytotoxic, inflammatory, and nociceptive activities. Several large proteinaceous toxins, such as stonustoxin, verrucotoxin, and Sp-CTx, have been isolated from scorpaenoid fish. These form pores in cell membranes, resulting in cell death and creating a cascade of reactions that result in many, but not all, of the physiological symptoms observed from envenomation. Additionally, Natterins, a novel family of toxins possessing kininogenase activity have been found in toadfish venom. A variety of smaller protein toxins, as well as a small number of peptides, enzymes, and non-proteinaceous molecules have also been isolated from a range of fish venoms, but most remain poorly characterized. Many other bioactive fish venom components remain to be discovered and investigated. These represent an untapped treasure of potentially useful molecules.
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Project description:Nutrients can be considered as functional foods, which exert physiological benefits on immune system. The seeds of Nigella sativa, which have many active constituents, are mainly used for medicine, food spice, and nutritional supplements in Egypt. Much attention has been paid to N. sativa seeds for their anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune properties. However, their active constituents and mechanisms underlying functions from N. sativa seeds is unclear. Thus, the bioactive constituents with immune regulation in N. sativa seeds were systematically studied. A new compound (3-methoxythymol-6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside 1) and 11 known compounds (2-12) were separated from the N. sativa seeds by chromatographic methods. Their structures were then elucidated by spectroscopic analysis of MS, UV, IR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR. Furthermore, immunomodulatory effects of those compounds in RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated by phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine release, related mRNA transcription, and key proteins expression in vitro. Monosaccharide derivatives, Ethyl-α-D-furaarabinose (5), and Ethyl-β-D-fructofuranoside (8) were shown to played bidirectional regulatory roles in immunity and anti-inflammation through the regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. The results showed the active compounds and mechanisms of immune regulation in N. sativa, thus indicating that N. sativa seeds could be used as dietary supplements in immunomodulation.
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Project description:Grape skin and turmeric extracts having the major components resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, were used for the induction of cryptic and bioactive metabolites in an endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Syzygium cumini. The increase in total amount of crude compounds in grape skin and turmeric extract treated cultures was 272.48 and 174.32%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Among six human pathogenic bacteria tested, the maximum inhibitory activity was found against Aeromonas hydrophila IMS/GN11 while no inhibitory activity was observed against Enterococcus faecalis IMS/GN7. The crude compounds derived from turmeric extract treated cultures showed the highest DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (86.46% inhibition) followed by compounds from grape skin treated cultures (11.80% inhibition) and the control cultures (1.92% inhibition). Both the treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude metabolites compared to the control. HPLC profiling of crude compounds derived from grape skin and turmeric extract treated cultures revealed the presence of additional 20 and 14 cryptic compounds, respectively, compared to the control. These findings advocate the future use of such dietary components in induced production of cryptic and bioactive metabolites.
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Project description:The species in Sanghuangporus are a group of edible mushrooms with a long history of oral use in East Asia as a health-improvement method. They should be classified under the genus Sanghuangporus rather than mistakenly in Phellinus or Inonotus. The major components in this genus consist of polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenoids, and flavonoids, all of which exist in the fruiting bodies and mycelia. For extraction, studies have shown methods using hot water, ethanol, DES solvent, and alkaline, followed by purification methods including traditional anion column, Sevag solution, macroporous resin, and magnetic polymers. Proven by modern medical technology, these components possess promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, and immunoregulation effects; additionally, they have health-improving effects including pulmonary protection, hypoglycemic properties, sleep improvement, gout mitigation, antiaging, neuroprotection, and muscle-strengthening abilities. Several toxicity studies have revealed their safety and recommend a dose of 1 g/kg for mice. As a newly emerged concept, functional food can provide not only life-sustaining nutrients but also some health-improving effects. In conclusion, we substantiate Sanghuang as a functional food by comprehensively presenting information on extraction and purification methods, component medical and structural properties, and nontoxicity, hoping to benefit the development of Sanghuang species as a group of functional food.
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Project description:Human mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have been shown to promote cutaneous wound healing. Their bioactivity is most often attributed to their protein and nucleic acid components, while the function of exosomal lipids remains comparatively unexplored. This work specifically assesses the involvement of lipids and the transmembrane enzyme CD73 in the exosomes' biological activity in stimulating the cutaneous wound healing process. Since exosome preparation processes are not harmonized yet, certain production and purification parameters are first systematically investigated, enabling the optimization of a standardized protocol delivering high exosome integrity, yield, and purity. An in situ enzymatic assay is introduced to specifically assess the vesicle functionality, and quantitative proteomics is employed to establish the cell culture conditions yielding a stable exosome protein profile. Using a combination of in vitro approaches, CD73 and constitutional lipids of HPV-16 E6/E7 transformed human bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes are identified as key bioactive components promoting the exosome-driven acceleration of processes required for wound repair. A pilot wound healing study in mice indeed suggests a role of lipids in the exosomes' biological activity. Strikingly, the extent of the bioactivity of these exosomal components is found to be dependent on the target cell type.
| S-EPMC7709981 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the Ecuadorian Amazon region, there are various types of edible fruits that have distinct qualities and benefits. Understanding the uses, properties, and functions of these fruits is important for researching products that are only available in local markets. This review aims to gather and summarize the existing scientific literature on the ethnobotany, physicochemical composition, and bioactive compounds of these native fruits to highlight the potential of the region's underutilized biodiversity. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology, utilizing databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, Redalyc, and SciELO up to August 2023. The research identified 55 edible fruits from the Ecuadorian Amazon and reported their ethnobotanical information. The most common uses were fresh fruit consumption, preparation of typical food, and medicine. Additionally, nine native edible fruits were described for their physicochemical characteristics and bioactive components: Aphandra natalia (Balslev and Henderson) Barfod; Eugenia stipitate McVaugh; Gustavia macarenensis Philipson; Mauritia flexuosa L.f; Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh; Oenocarpus bataua Mart; Plukenetia volubilis L.; Pouteria caimito (Ruiz and Pav.) Radlk.; and Solanum quitoense Lam. The analyzed Amazonian fruits contained bioactive compounds such as total polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. This information highlights their potential as functional foods and the need for further research on underutilized crops.
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Project description:Cardiovascular disease remains the most common health problem in developed countries, and residual risk after implementing all current therapies is still high. Permanent changes in lifestyle may be hard to achieve and people may not always be motivated enough to make the recommended modifications. Emerging research has explored the application of natural food-based strategies in disease management. In recent years, much focus has been placed on the beneficial effects of fish consumption. Many of the positive effects of fish consumption on dyslipidemia and heart diseases have been attributed to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs, i.e., EPA and DHA); however, fish is also an excellent source of protein and, recently, fish protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides have shown promising activities for the prevention/management of cardiovascular disease and associated health complications. The present review will focus on n-3 PUFAs and bioactive peptides effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Moreover, since considerable controversy exists regarding the association between n-3 PUFAs and major cardiovascular endpoints, we have also reviewed the main clinical trials supporting or not this association.
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Project description:Epilepsy is a chronic disease that can cause temporary brain dysfunction as a result of sudden abnormal discharge of the brain neurons. The seizure mechanism of epilepsy is closely related to the neurotransmitter imbalance, synaptic recombination, and glial cell proliferation. In addition, epileptic seizures can lead to mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and the disorder of sugar degradation. Although the mechanism of epilepsy research has reached up to the genetic level, the presently available treatment and recovery records of epilepsy does not seem promising. Recently, natural medicines have attracted more researches owing to their low toxicity and side-effects as well as the excellent efficacy, especially in chronic diseases. In this study, the antiepileptic mechanism of the bioactive components of natural drugs was reviewed so as to provide a reference for the development of potential antiepileptic drugs. Based on the different treatment mechanisms of natural drugs considered in this review, it is possible to select drugs clinically. Improving the accuracy of medication and the cure rate is expected to compensate for the shortage of the conventional epilepsy treatment drugs.
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