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Differences in Physical Activity and Diet Patterns between Non-Rural and Rural Adults.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:It is unclear how rural occupations and lifestyles may play a role in shaping physical activity and diet behaviors that contribute to the rural?urban obesity disparity. METHODS:Data come from the prospective and observational South Dakota Rural Bone Health Study, which included adults aged 20?66 years in three groups: (1) non-rural non-Hutterite, (2) rural non-Hutterite, and (3) rural Hutterite. Physical activity data were collected using 7-day physical activity questionnaires, and hours per day in physical activity categories are reported. Diet data were collected using food frequency questionnaires, and food group servings per day (svg/day) are reported. Mixed models were generated to determine group differences in physical activity and diet outcomes, and marginal group means are presented. RESULTS:Among females, both rural groups spent more time in moderate activity (4.8 ± 0.13 h/day and 4.7 ± 0.09 h/day vs. 3.5 ± 0.11 h/day, both p < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.58 ± 0.03 h/day and 0.53 ± 0.02 h/day vs. 0.43 ± 0.03 h/day, both p < 0.01) and less time sitting (4.4 ± 0.13 h/day and 4.3 ± 0.09 h/day vs. 5.0 ± 0.11 h/day, both p < 0.001) on weekdays than non-rural groups. Hutterite females spent fewer hours in moderate activity (2.6 ± 0.08 h/day vs. 4.5 ± 0.11 h/day, p < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.18 ± 0.02 h/day vs. 0.46 ± 0.02 h/day, p < 0.001) on weekend days compared to rural females. Hutterite females consumed more fruits (2.2 ± 0.06 svg/day vs. 1.7 ± 0.10 svg/day, p < 0.001) and vegetables (3.6 ± 0.08 svg/day vs. 2.7 ± 0.12 svg/day, p < 0.001) than rural females. Among males, both rural groups spent more time in moderate activity (4.9 ± 0.13 h/day and 6.1 ± 0.12 h/day vs. 3.0 ± 0.16 h/day, both p < 0.001) and less time sitting (4.1 ± 0.13 h/day and 3.4 ± 0.12 h/day vs. 6.0 ± 0.15 h/day, both p < 0.001) on weekdays compared to non-rural groups. Hutterite males spent less time in moderate activity (2.1 ± 0.10 h/day vs. 4.1 ± 0.11 h/day, p < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.15 ± 0.04 h/day vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 h/day, p < 0.001) on weekend days compared to rural males. Hutterite males consumed more vegetables (3.0 ± 0.10 svg/day vs. 2.0 ± 0.11 svg/day, p < 0.001) than rural males. CONCLUSIONS:A rural occupation and lifestyle appear to contribute to differences in physical activity, while traditional rural lifestyle practices contribute to differences in diet.

SUBMITTER: McCormack L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6267585 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differences in Physical Activity and Diet Patterns between Non-Rural and Rural Adults.

McCormack Lacey L Wey Howard H Meendering Jessica J Specker Bonny B

Nutrients 20181101 11

<h4>Background</h4>It is unclear how rural occupations and lifestyles may play a role in shaping physical activity and diet behaviors that contribute to the rural⁻urban obesity disparity.<h4>Methods</h4>Data come from the prospective and observational South Dakota Rural Bone Health Study, which included adults aged 20⁻66 years in three groups: (1) non-rural non-Hutterite, (2) rural non-Hutterite, and (3) rural Hutterite. Physical activity data were collected using 7-day physical activity questio ...[more]

PMID: 30388741

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Project description:Physical activity (PA) has many beneficial physical and mental health effects. Physical inactivity is considered the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. At present there are no systematic reviews on PA patterns among South Asian adults residing in the region. The present study aims to systematically evaluate studies on PA patterns in South Asian countries. A five-staged comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in Medline, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus using keywords 'Exercise', 'Walking', 'Physical activity', 'Inactivity', 'Physical Activity Questionnaire', 'International Physical Activity Questionnaire', 'IPAQ', 'Global Physical Activity Questionnaire' and 'GPAQ', combined with individual country names. The search was restricted to English language articles conducted in humans and published before 31st December 2012. To obtain additional data a manual search of the reference lists of articles was performed. Data were also retrieved from the search of relevant web sites and online resources. The total number of hits obtained from the initial search was 1,771. The total number of research articles included in the present review is eleven (India-8, Sri Lanka-2, Pakistan-1). In addition, eleven country reports (Nepal-3, Bangladesh-2, India-2, Sri Lanka-2, Bhutan-1, Maldives-1) of World Health Organization STEPS survey from the South-Asian countries were retrieved online. In the research articles the overall prevalence of inactivity was as follows; India (18.5%-88.4%), Pakistan (60.1%) and Sri Lanka (11.0%-31.8%). STEPS survey reports were available from all countries except Pakistan. Overall in majority of STEPS surveys females were more inactive compared to males. Furthermore, leisure related inactivity was >75% in studies reporting inactivity in this domain and people were more active in transport domain when compared with the other domains. In conclusion, our results show that there is a wide variation in the prevalence of physical inactivity among South-Asian adults within and between countries. Furthermore, physical inactivity in South Asian adults was associated with several socio-demographic characteristics. Majority of South Asian adults were inactive during their leisure time. These Factors need to be considered when planning future interventions and research aimed at improving PA in the region.

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Differences in Physical Activity and Diet Patterns between Non-Rural and Rural Adults.

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Differences in Physical Activity and Diet Patterns between Non-Rural and Rural Adults.

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