Profiling of concanavalin A-binding glycoproteins in human hepatic stellate cells activated with transforming growth factor-β1.
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SUBMITTER: Qin Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6270946 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundApoptosis-stimulating protein of p53-2 (ASPP2) is a damage-inducible P53-binding protein that enhances damage-induced apoptosis. Fibrosis is a wound-healing response, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key players in liver fibrogenesis. However, little is known about the relationship between ASPP2 and hepatic fibrosis.AimsWe investigated the effects of ASPP2 overexpression in HSCs and the role of ASPP2 in mouse liver fibrogenesis.MethodsHuman HSCs (LX-2 cells) were pre-incubated with GFP adenovirus (Ad) or ASPP2 adenovirus (AdASPP2) for 24 h and then treated with or without TGF-β1. ASPP2+/- and ASPP2+/+ Balb/c mice were used to examine the effects of ASPP2 on liver fibrosis in vivo. ASPP2+/+ Balb/c mice were generated by injecting AdASPP2 into the tail vein of ASPP2 WT Balb/c mice; all mice received intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride.ResultsIn this study, ASPP2 was found to markedly inhibit TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic activation of LX-2 cells. Further experiments using an autophagic flux assay confirmed that ASPP2 reduced the fibrogenic activation of LX-2 cells by inhibiting autophagy. Moreover, we found that ASPP2 overexpression attenuated the anti-apoptotic effects of TGF-β1 in LX-2 cells. The extent of liver fibrosis was markedly reduced in ASPP2+/+ mouse liver tissue compared with control mice; however, in ASPP2+/- mice, hepatic collagen deposition was significantly increased.ConclusionThese results suggest that TGF-β1-induced autophagy is required for the fibrogenic response in LX-2 cells and that ASPP2 may both inhibit TGF-β1-induced autophagy and decrease liver fibrosis.
| S-EPMC5760593 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study questionDo all 10 human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins (PSGs) and murine PSG23 activate latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)?Summary answerAll human PSGs and murine PSG23 activated latent TGF-β1.What is known alreadyTwo of the 10 members of the PSG1 family, PSG1 and PSG9, were previously shown to activate the soluble small latent complex of TGF-β1, a cytokine with potent immune suppressive functions.Study design, size, durationRecombinant PSGs were generated and tested for their ability to activate the small latent complex of TGF-β1 in a cell-free ELISA-based assay and in a bioassay. In addition, we tested the ability of PSG1 and PSG4 to activate latent TGF-β bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or on the membranes of the Jurkat human T-cell line.Participants/materials, setting, methodsRecombinant PSGs were generated by transient transfection and purified with a His-Trap column followed by gel filtration chromatography. The purified PSGs were compared to vehicle (PBS) used as control for their ability to activate the small latent complex of TGF-β1. The concentration of active TGF-β was measured in an ELISA using the TGF-β receptor II as capture and a bioassay using transformed mink epithelial cells that express luciferase in response to active TGF-β. The specificity of the signal was confirmed using a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. We also measured the binding kinetics of some human PSGs for the latent-associated peptide (LAP) of TGF-β using surface plasmon resonance and determined whether PSG1 and PSG4 could activate the large latent complex of TGF-β1 bound to the ECM and latent TGF-β1 bound to the cell membrane. All experiments were performed in triplicate wells and repeated three times.Main results and the role of chanceAll human PSGs activated the small latent complex of TGF-β1 (P < 0.05 vs. control) and showed similar affinities (KD) for LAP. Despite the lack of sequence conservation with its human counterparts, the ability to activate latent TGF-β1 was shared by a member of the murine PSG family. We found that PSG1 and PSG4 activated the latent TGF-β stored in the ECM (P < 0.01) but did not activate latent TGF-β1 bound to glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) on the surface of Jurkat T cells.Limitations, reasons for cautionThe affinity of the interaction of LAP and PSGs was calculated using recombinant proteins, which may differ from the native proteins in their post-translational modifications. We also utilized a truncated form of murine PSG23 rather than the full-length protein. For the studies testing the ability of PSGs to activate membrane-bound TGF-β1, we utilized the T-cell line Jurkat and Jurkat cells expressing GARP rather than primary T regulatory cells. All the studies were performed in vitro.Wider implications of the findingsHere, we show that all human PSGs activate TGF-β1 and that this function is conserved in at least one member of the rodent PSG family. In vivo PSGs could potentially increase the availability of active TGF-β1 from the soluble and matrix-bound latent forms of the cytokine contributing to the establishment of a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy.Large-scale dataNone.Study funding/competing interest(s)The research was supported by a grant from the Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP). No conflicts of interests are declared by the authors.
| S-EPMC6262632 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RNA-binding protein HuR mediates transforming growth factor (TGF)-?1-induced profibrogenic actions. Up-regulation of Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is involved in TGF-?1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in liver fibrogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of TGF-?1 regulates SphK1 remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of HuR in TGF-?1-induced SphK1 expression and identify a new molecular mechanism in liver fibrogenensis. In vivo, HuR expression was increased, translocated to cytoplasm, and bound to SphK1 mRNA in carbon tetrachloride- and bile duct ligation-induced mouse fibrotic liver. HuR mRNA expression had a positive correlation with mRNA expressions of SphK1 and fibrotic markers, ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) and Collagen ?1(I), respectively. In vitro, up-regulation of SphK1 and activation of HSCs stimulated by TGF-?1 depended on HuR cytoplasmic accumulation. The effects of TGF-?1 were diminished when HuR was silenced or HuR cytoplasmic translocation was blocked. Meanwhile, overexpression of HuR mimicked the effects of TGF-?1. Furthermore, TGF-?1 prolonged half-life of SphK1 mRNA by promoting its binding to HuR. Pharmacological or siRNA-induced SphK1 inhibition abrogated HuR-mediated HSC activation. In conclusion, our data suggested that HuR bound to SphK1 mRNA and played a crucial role in TGF-?1-induced HSC activation.
| S-EPMC4766441 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glycoproteins have immense clinical importance and comparative glycoproteomics has become a powerful tool for biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. Seminal plasma glycoproteins participate in fertility related processes including sperm-egg recognition, modulation of capacitation and acrosome reaction inhibition. Affinity chromatography using broad specificity lectin such as Con A is widely applied for glycoproteins enrichment. More notably, Con A-interacting fraction of human seminal plasma has decapacitating activity which makes this fraction critically important. In our previous study, we isolated Con A-interacting glycoproteins from human seminal plasma and subsequently identified them by mass spectrometry. Here, we report the computational analysis of these proteins using bioinformatics tools. The analysis includes: prediction of glycosylation sites using sequence information (NetNGlyc 1.0), functional annotations to cluster these proteins into various functional groups (InterProScan and Blast2GO) and identification of protein interaction networks (STRING database). The results indicate that these proteins are involved in various biological processes including transport, morphogenesis, metabolic processes, cell differentiation and homeostasis. The clusters illustrate two major molecular functions - hydrolase activity (6) and protein (4)/carbohydrate (1)/lipid binding (1). The large interactomes of proteins point towards their versatile roles in wide range of biological processes.
| S-EPMC3174039 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Increased Galectin 3-binding protein (Lgals3bp) serum levels have been used to assess hepatic fibrosis stages and the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the crucial role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the emergence of these diseases, the present study tested the hypothesis that Lgals3bp regulates the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Methods: The expression levels of Lgals3bp and TGF-β1 were analyzed in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC. Multiple omics techniques, such as RNA-sequencing, transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing assay, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics, were used to identify the regulatory mechanisms for the Lgals3bp-TGF-β1 axis. Moreover, the effects of altered TGF-β1 signaling in chronic inflammatory conditions were investigated in conditional Lgals3bp-knockin and Lgals3bp-knockout mice. Results: In patients with NASH and HCC, the levels of Lgals3bp and TGF-β1 exhibited positive correlations. Stimulation of Lgals3bp by the inflammatory cytokine interferon α in HCC cells or ectopic overexpression of Lgals3bp in hepatocytes promoted the expression levels of TGFB1. Aggravated fibrosis was observed in the livers of hepatocyte-specific Lgals3bp knock-in mice, with increased TGF-β1 levels. Lgals3bp directly bound to and assembled integrin αV, an integral mediator required for releasing active TGF-β1 from extracellular latent complex with the rearranged F-actin cytoskeleton. The released TGF-β1 activated JunB transcription factor, which in turn promoted the TGF-β1 positive feedback loop. Lgals3bp deletion in the hepatocytes downregulated TGF-β1 signaling and CCl4 induced fibrosis. Finally, Lgals3bp depletion hindered hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting the availability of fibrogenic TGF-β1. Conclusion: Lgals3bp plays a crucial role in hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis by controlling the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, making it a promising therapeutic target in TGF-β1-related diseases.
2024-07-06 | GSE271354 | GEO
Project description:Background: Increased Galectin 3-binding protein (Lgals3bp) serum levels have been used to assess hepatic fibrosis stages and the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the crucial role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the emergence of these diseases, the present study tested the hypothesis that Lgals3bp regulates the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Methods: The expression levels of Lgals3bp and TGF-β1 were analyzed in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC. Multiple omics techniques, such as RNA-sequencing, transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing assay, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics, were used to identify the regulatory mechanisms for the Lgals3bp-TGF-β1 axis. Moreover, the effects of altered TGF-β1 signaling in chronic inflammatory conditions were investigated in conditional Lgals3bp-knockin and Lgals3bp-knockout mice. Results: In patients with NASH and HCC, the levels of Lgals3bp and TGF-β1 exhibited positive correlations. Stimulation of Lgals3bp by the inflammatory cytokine interferon α in HCC cells or ectopic overexpression of Lgals3bp in hepatocytes promoted the expression levels of TGFB1. Aggravated fibrosis was observed in the livers of hepatocyte-specific Lgals3bp knock-in mice, with increased TGF-β1 levels. Lgals3bp directly bound to and assembled integrin αV, an integral mediator required for releasing active TGF-β1 from extracellular latent complex with the rearranged F-actin cytoskeleton. The released TGF-β1 activated JunB transcription factor, which in turn promoted the TGF-β1 positive feedback loop. Lgals3bp deletion in the hepatocytes downregulated TGF-β1 signaling and CCl4 induced fibrosis. Finally, Lgals3bp depletion hindered hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting the availability of fibrogenic TGF-β1. Conclusion: Lgals3bp plays a crucial role in hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis by controlling the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, making it a promising therapeutic target in TGF-β1-related diseases.
2024-07-06 | GSE271352 | GEO
Project description:Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the major cellular drivers of liver fibrosis. Upon liver inflammation caused by a broad range of insults including non-alcoholic fatty liver, HSC transform from a quiescent into a proliferating, fibrotic phenotype. Although much is known about the pathophysiology of this process, exact cellular processes which occur in HSC and enable this transformation remain yet to be elucidated. In order to investigate this HSC transformation, we employed a simple, yet reliable model of HSC activation via an increase in growth medium serum concentration (serum activation). For that purpose, immortalized human LX-2 HSC were exposed to either 1% or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Resulting quiescent (1% FBS) and activated (10% FBS) LX-2 cells were then subjected to in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis as well as comprehensive phenotyping. Protein network analysis of activated LX-2 cells revealed an increase in the production of ribosomal proteins and proteins related to cell cycle control and migration, resulting in higher proliferation and faster migration phenotypes. Interestingly, we also observed a decrease in the expression of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis proteins in accordance with a concomitant loss of cytosolic lipid droplets during activation. Overall, this work provides an update on HSC activation characteristics using contemporary proteomic and bioinformatic analyses and presents an accessible model for HSC activation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029121.
| S-EPMC8657869 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Increased Galectin 3-binding protein (Lgals3bp) serum levels have been used to assess hepatic fibrosis stages and the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the crucial role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the emergence of these diseases, the present study tested the hypothesis that Lgals3bp regulates the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Methods: The expression levels of Lgals3bp and TGF-β1 were analyzed in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC. Multiple omics techniques, such as RNA-sequencing, transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing assay, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics, were used to identify the regulatory mechanisms for the Lgals3bp-TGF-β1 axis. Moreover, the effects of altered TGF-β1 signaling in chronic inflammatory conditions were investigated in conditional Lgals3bp-knockin and Lgals3bp-knockout mice. Results: In patients with NASH and HCC, the levels of Lgals3bp and TGF-β1 exhibited positive correlations. Stimulation of Lgals3bp by the inflammatory cytokine interferon α in HCC cells or ectopic overexpression of Lgals3bp in hepatocytes promoted the expression levels of TGFB1. Aggravated fibrosis was observed in the livers of hepatocyte-specific Lgals3bp knock-in mice, with increased TGF-β1 levels. Lgals3bp directly bound to and assembled integrin αV, an integral mediator required for releasing active TGF-β1 from extracellular latent complex with the rearranged F-actin cytoskeleton. The released TGF-β1 activated JunB transcription factor, which in turn promoted the TGF-β1 positive feedback loop. Lgals3bp deletion in the hepatocytes downregulated TGF-β1 signaling and CCl4 induced fibrosis. Finally, Lgals3bp depletion hindered hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting the availability of fibrogenic TGF-β1. Conclusion: Lgals3bp plays a crucial role in hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis by controlling the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, making it a promising therapeutic target in TGF-β1-related diseases.
2024-07-06 | GSE271355 | GEO
Project description:Mice depleted of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are protected from concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury that is mediated by the activation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of ConA-mediated signaling and synthesis/release of mediators by HSCs that damage hepatocytes. Primary cultures of wildtype (WT) and IRF1-knockout (KO) HSCs and hepatocytes were used, and ConA-induced liver damage in interferon (IFN)?? receptor-deficient (IFN??R-KO) mice was determined. Specific binding of ConA to HSCs induced rapid activation of JAK2 and STAT1. ConA-induced expression of IRF1, IFN?, tumor necrosis factor ?, and CXCL1 was abrogated by selective inhibition of JAK2 and STAT1. Despite activating JAK2/STAT1, ConA failed to stimulate expression of inflammatory cytokines in HSCs from IRF1-KO mice. ConA-conditioned WT-HSC medium caused activation of JNK and caspase 3, and apoptosis of hepatocytes from WT but not from IRF1-KO or IFN??R-KO mice. Conversely, ConA-conditioned medium of IRF1-KO HSCs failed to cause apoptosis of WT or IRF1-KO hepatocytes. IFN??R-KO mice were protected from ConA-induced liver damage, and ConA-induced hepatic expression of IRF1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and infiltration of neutrophils were significantly lower in IFN??R-KO than in WT mice. These results demonstrate distinct roles of IRF1 in hepatic inflammation (HSCs) and injury (hepatocytes) and can be an important target for intervention in acute liver injury.
| S-EPMC6290141 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lethal cancer whose primary tumor is characterized by dense composition of cancer cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composed largely of collagen. Within the PDAC tumor microenvironment, activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are the dominant stromal cell type and responsible for collagen deposition. Lumican is a secreted proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibril assembly. We have previously identified that the presence of lumican in the ECM surrounding PDAC cells is associated with improved patient outcome after multimodal therapy and surgical removal of localized PDAC.Lumican expression in PDAC from 27 patients was determined by IHC and quantitatively analyzed for colocalization with PSCs. In vitro studies examined the molecular mechanisms of lumican transcription and secretion from PSCs (HPSCs and HPaSteC), and cell adhesion and migration assays examined the effect of lumican on PSCs in a collagen-rich environment.Here we identify PSCs as a significant source of extracellular lumican production through quantitative IHC analysis. We demonstrate that the cytokine, TGF-?, negatively regulates lumican gene transcription within HPSCs through its canonical signaling pathway and binding of SMAD4 to novel SBEs identified within the promoter region. In addition, we found that the ability of HPSCs to produce and secrete extracellular lumican significantly enhances HPSCs adhesion and mobility on collagen.Our results demonstrate that activated pancreatic stellate cells within PDAC secrete lumican under the negative control of TGF-?; once secreted, the extracellular lumican enhances stellate cell adhesion and mobility in a collagen-rich environment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4934-46. ©2016 AACR.
| S-EPMC5127652 | biostudies-literature