Dataset Information

Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats--A Proteomic Approach.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the mechanism of chemical toxicity, which is essential for cross-species and dose extrapolations, is a major challenge for toxicologists. Standard mechanistic studies in animals for examining the toxic and pathological changes associated with the chemical exposure have often been limited to the single end point or pathways. Toxicoproteomics represents a potential aid to the toxicologist to understand the multiple pathways involved in the mechanism of toxicity and also determine the biomarkers that are possible to predictive the toxicological response. We performed an acute toxicity study in Wistar rats with the prototype liver toxin; the acetaminophen (APAP) effects on protein profiles in the liver and its correlation with the plasma biochemical markers for liver injury were analyzed. Three separate groups--control, nontoxic (150 mg/kg) and toxic dose (1500 mg/kg) of APAP--were studied. The proteins extracted from the liver were separated by 2-DE and analyzed by MALDI-TOF. The differential proteins in the gels were analyzed by BIORAD's PDQuest software and identified by feeding the peptide mass fingerprint data to various public domain programs like Mascot and MS-Fit. The identified proteins in toxicity-induced rats were classified based on their putative protein functions, which are oxidative stress (31%), immunity (14%), neurological related (12%) and transporter proteins (2%), whereas in non-toxic dose-induced rats they were oxidative stress (9%), immunity (6%), neurological (14%) and transporter proteins (9%). It is evident that the percentages of oxidative stress and immunity-related proteins were up-regulated in toxicity-induced rats as compared with nontoxic and control rats. Some of the liver drug metabolizing and detoxifying enzymes were depleted under toxic conditions compared with non-toxic rats. Several other proteins were identified as a first step in developing an in-house rodent liver toxicoproteomics database.

SUBMITTER: Ilavenil S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6274323 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats--A Proteomic Approach.

Ilavenil Soundharrajan S Al-Dhabi Naif Abdullah NA Srigopalram Srisesharam S Ock Kim Young Y Agastian Paul P Baru Rajasekhar R Choi Ki Choon KC Valan Arasu Mariadhas M

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20160128 2

Understanding the mechanism of chemical toxicity, which is essential for cross-species and dose extrapolations, is a major challenge for toxicologists. Standard mechanistic studies in animals for examining the toxic and pathological changes associated with the chemical exposure have often been limited to the single end point or pathways. Toxicoproteomics represents a potential aid to the toxicologist to understand the multiple pathways involved in the mechanism of toxicity and also determine the ...[more]

PMID: 26828476

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Project description:Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular and safe pain medications worldwide. However, due to its wide availability, it is frequently implicated in intentional or unintentional overdoses where it can cause severe liver injury and even acute liver failure (ALF). In fact, APAP toxicity is responsible for 46% of all ALF cases in the United States. Early mechanistic studies in mice demonstrated the formation of a reactive metabolite, which is responsible for hepatic glutathione depletion and initiation of the toxicity. This insight led to the rapid introduction of N-acetylcysteine as a clinical antidote. However, more recently, substantial progress was made in further elucidating the detailed mechanisms of APAP-induced cell death. Mitochondrial protein adducts trigger a mitochondrial oxidant stress, which requires amplification through a MAPK cascade that ultimately results in activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the cytosol and translocation of phospho-JNK to the mitochondria. The enhanced oxidant stress is responsible for the membrane permeability transition pore opening and the membrane potential breakdown. The ensuing matrix swelling causes the release of intermembrane proteins such as endonuclease G, which translocate to the nucleus and induce DNA fragmentation. These pathophysiological signaling mechanisms can be additionally modulated by removing damaged mitochondria by autophagy and replacing them by mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, most of the mechanisms have been confirmed in human hepatocytes and indirectly through biomarkers in plasma of APAP overdose patients. The extensive necrosis caused by APAP overdose leads to a sterile inflammatory response. Although recruitment of inflammatory cells is necessary for removal of cell debris in preparation for regeneration, these cells have the potential to aggravate the injury. This review touches on the newest insight into the intracellular mechanisms of APAP-induced cells death and the resulting inflammatory response. Furthermore, it discusses the translation of these findings to humans and the emergence of new therapeutic interventions.

Dataset Information

Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats--A Proteomic Approach.

Publications

Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats--A Proteomic Approach.

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