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Interplay of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Antioxidant Capacity with Insulin Resistance in Subjects with a Cardiometabolic Risk Profile.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) are accepted indicators of diet quality, which have an effect on diet?disease relationships. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential associations of dietary TAC, GI, and GL with variables related to nutritive status and insulin resistance (IR) risk in cardiometabolic subjects. METHODS:A total of 112 overweight or obese adults (age: 50.8 ± 9 years old) were included in the trial. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was also used to calculate the dietary TAC, GI, and GL. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), glycemic and lipid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as fatty liver quantification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. RESULTS:Subjects with higher values of TAC had significantly lower circulating insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Participants with higher values of HOMA-IR showed significantly higher GI and GL. Correlation analyses showed relevant inverse associations of GI and GL with TAC. A regression model evidenced a relationship of HOMA-IR with TAC, GI, and GL. CONCLUSION:This data reinforces the concept that dietary TAC, GI, and GL are potential markers of diet quality, which have an impact on the susceptible population with a cardiometabolic risk profile.

SUBMITTER: Galarregui C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6275010 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interplay of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Antioxidant Capacity with Insulin Resistance in Subjects with a Cardiometabolic Risk Profile.

Galarregui Cristina C Zulet María Ángeles MÁ Cantero Irene I Marín-Alejandre Bertha Araceli BA Monreal José Ignacio JI Elorz Mariana M Benito-Boillos Alberto A Herrero José Ignacio JI Tur Josep Antoni JA Abete Itziar I Martínez José Alfredo JA

International journal of molecular sciences 20181120 11

<h4>Background</h4>Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) are accepted indicators of diet quality, which have an effect on diet⁻disease relationships. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential associations of dietary TAC, GI, and GL with variables related to nutritive status and insulin resistance (IR) risk in cardiometabolic subjects.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 112 overweight or obese adults (age: 50.8 ± 9 years old) were included in the trial ...[more]

PMID: 30463312

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Project description:Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit cardiometabolic (e.g., insulin resistance) and associated reproductive disruptions. Lifestyle modification (e.g., diet) is recommended as the first-line therapy to manage PCOS; however, a favorable dietary regimen remains unclear beyond energy restriction. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize evidence on impacts of dietary glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) on cardiometabolic and reproductive profiles to update the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS. Databases of MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched through 30 October 2019, and confirmed on 25 March 2020, to identify RCTs (≥8 wk) comparing the effects of diets with lower (LGI/LGL) and higher (HGI/HGL) GI/GL on glucoregulatory outcomes, lipid profile, anthropometrics, and androgen status in PCOS. The primary outcome was HOMA-IR. Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% CIs. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane tool. Ten RCTs (n = 403) were eligible. Eight evaluated LGI and 2 LGL diets. LGI diets decreased HOMA-IR (-0.78; -1.20, -0.37; I2 = 86.6%), fasting insulin (-2.39; -4.78, 0.00 μIU/mL; I2 = 76.8%), total cholesterol (-11.13; -18.23, -4.04 mg/dL; I2 = 0.0%), LDL cholesterol (-6.27; -12.01, -0.53 mg/dL; I2 = 0.0%), triglycerides (-14.85; -28.75, -0.95 mg/dL; I2 = 31.0%), waist circumference (-2.81; -4.40, -1.23 cm; I2 = 53.9%), and total testosterone (-0.21; -0.32, -0.09 nmol/L; I2 = 8.6%) compared with HGI diets (all: P ≤ 0.05) without affecting fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, weight, or free androgen index (all: P ≥ 0.07). Some results were contradictory and only described narratively for 2 RCTs that evaluated LGL diets, since inclusion in meta-analyses was not possible. LGI diets improved glucoregulatory outcomes (HOMA-IR, insulin), lipid profiles, abdominal adiposity, and androgen status, conceivably supporting their inclusion for dietary management of PCOS. Further RCTs should confirm these observations and address whether LGI diets improve more patient-pressing complications, including ovulatory cyclicity, infertility, and cardiovascular disease risk in this high-risk population. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020175300.

Project description:Abstract Objectives Low-glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) dietary patterns are recommended for diabetes management by clinical practice guidelines globally. To inform the update of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of low-GI/GL dietary patterns on glycemic control and other established cardiometabolic risk factors in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through November 2020. We included randomized controlled trials ≥3-weeks investigating the effect of low-GI/GL diets in diabetes. The primary outcome was HbA1c. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) assessed the certainty of the evidence. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04045938) Results We identified 30 trial comparisons in 1,672 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes who were predominantly middle-aged, overweight or obese with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes treated by antihyperglycemic agents and/or insulin. Low-GI/GL dietary patterns significantly reduced HbA1c compared with higher-GI/GL control diets (mean difference −0.32% [95% confidence interval −0.48, −0.16%], P < 0.001; substantial heterogeneity, I2 = 74%, P < 0.001). There were also significant reductions in several secondary outcomes: fasting glucose, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, body weight, BMI, and CRP (P < 0.05), but not insulin or blood pressure. The certainty of evidence was moderate for the reduction in HbA1c and most secondary outcomes. Conclusions Our synthesis indicates that low-GI/GL dietary patterns improve established targets of glycemic control, blood lipids, adiposity and inflammation beyond concurrent therapy with antihyperglycemic agents and/or insulin in moderately controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The available evidence provides a good indication of the likely benefit in this population with moderate likelihood that more research will alter our conclusions. Funding Sources Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the EASD, CIHR.

Dataset Information

Interplay of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Antioxidant Capacity with Insulin Resistance in Subjects with a Cardiometabolic Risk Profile.

Publications

Interplay of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Antioxidant Capacity with Insulin Resistance in Subjects with a Cardiometabolic Risk Profile.

Similar Datasets

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