Dataset Information

Determination of PCB fluxes from Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal using dual-deployed air and water passive samplers.

ABSTRACT: We have developed a method for measuring fluxes of PCBs from natural waters using air and water passive samplers deployed simultaneously in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC). Net volatilization of ?PCBs was determined for 2017, and ranged from 1.4 to 2.8??g?m-2 d-1, with a median of 2.0??g?m-2 d-1. We confirm earlier findings that the IHSC experiences constant release of gas-phase PCBs. Gas-phase and freely-dissolved water ?PCB samples median were 4.0?ng?m-3 and 14?ng?L-1, both exhibiting increasing concentrations over the year of study, and with a strong positive correlation between them (R2?=?0.93 for ?PCBs). The relative concentrations of individual PCB congeners were very similar between air and water samples, and resemble Aroclor 1248, a mixture previously reported to contaminate the IHSC sediments. Monthly variability of the volatilization fluxes was primarily driven by the freely-dissolved water concentration changes (R2?=?0.87). Although different sampling methods were performed to estimate air-water fluxes between the month of August of 2006 and 2017, ?PCB net fluxes have decreased by more than 60%, suggesting that either dredging at IHSC from 2012 to 2017 or reduction of upstream sources have decreased the freely-dissolved water concentrations of PCBs, thus reducing the air-water net volatilization in IHSC. Finally, we have shown that this passive sampling approach represents a simple and cost-effective method to assess the air-water exchange of PCBs, increase analytical sensitivity, enable measurements over time, and reduce uncertainties related to unexpected episodic events.

SUBMITTER: Martinez A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6277018 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Determination of PCB fluxes from Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal using dual-deployed air and water passive samplers.

Martinez Andres A Awad Andrew M AM Herkert Nicholas J NJ Hornbuckle Keri C KC

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 20181012

We have developed a method for measuring fluxes of PCBs from natural waters using air and water passive samplers deployed simultaneously in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC). Net volatilization of ƩPCBs was determined for 2017, and ranged from 1.4 to 2.8 μg m-2 d-1, with a median of 2.0 μg m-2 d-1. We confirm earlier findings that the IHSC experiences constant release of gas-phase PCBs. Gas-phase and freely-dissolved water ƩPCB samples median we ...[more]

PMID: 30366294

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Project description:Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) are the most common type of passive air sampler used for a range of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including regulated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and emerging contaminants (e.g., novel flame retardants, phthalates, current-use pesticides). Data from PUF-PAS are key indicators of effectiveness of global regulatory actions on SVOCs, such as the Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. While most PUF-PAS use similar double-dome metal shielding, there is no standardized dome size, shape, or deployment configuration, with many different PUF-PAS designs used in regional and global monitoring. Yet, no information is available on the comparability of data from studies using different PUF-PAS designs. We brought together 12 types of PUF-PAS used by different research groups around the world and deployed them in a multi-part intercomparison to evaluate the variability in reported concentrations introduced by different elements of PAS monitoring. PUF-PAS were deployed for 3 months in outdoor air in Kjeller, Norway in 2015-2016 in three phases to capture (1) the influence of sampler design on data comparability, (2) the influence of analytical variability when samplers are analyzed at different laboratories, and (3) the overall variability in global monitoring data introduced by differences in sampler configurations and analytical methods. Results indicate that while differences in sampler design (in particular, the spacing between the upper and lower sampler bowls) account for up to 50 % differences in masses collected by samplers, the variability introduced by analysis in different laboratories far exceeds this amount, resulting in differences spanning orders of magnitude for POPs and PAHs. The high level of variability due to analysis in different laboratories indicates that current SVOC air sampling data (i.e., not just for PUF-PAS but likely also for active air sampling) are not directly comparable between laboratories/monitoring programs. To support on-going efforts to mobilize more SVOC data to contribute to effectiveness evaluation, intercalibration exercises to account for uncertainties in air sampling, repeated at regular intervals, must be established to ensure analytical comparability and avoid biases in global-scale assessments of SVOCs in air caused by differences in laboratory performance.

Dataset Information

Determination of PCB fluxes from Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal using dual-deployed air and water passive samplers.

Publications

Determination of PCB fluxes from Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal using dual-deployed air and water passive samplers.

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