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Traumatic insemination is not the case in three Orius species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae).

ABSTRACT: Traumatic insemination (TI) is an extraordinary style of mating behavior wherein the female integument is pierced by the male extragenital structure to transfer the spermatozoa into the female's body through wounding. Flower bugs of the genus Orius belong to the family Anthocoridae (Heteroptera), which is referred to as the "TI family". Males possess sharp shaped extragenitalia, and females receive the extragenitalia using the copulatory tubes, which are specialized extragenital structures in Orius species. Since TI is not well studied in insects possessing the copulatory tube, we examined the genital structures and copulatory processes of three species, Orius strigicollis, O. sauteri, and O. minutus. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed the positions of male extragenital structures during copulation. A needle-like flagellum was deeply inserted into the female intersegment between the abdominal VII and VIII segments, while the curved part of a sickle-like cone forced the intersegment to expand. No scars were detected around the copulation region after copulation. The copulatory tube adhered to the interior of segment VII, and the interior integument around the copulatory tube remained intact after copulation. On the basis of these results, TI does not occur in these Orius species. A pair of seminal conceptacles, which exists in typical TI insects, was found at the base of the oviducts in O. strigicollis. The distal end of the copulatory tube connected to a closed bag with a double-membrane, termed the sperm pouch. The sperm pouch was filled with filamentous structures after copulation and structures with equivalent forms were observed in adult male testis. These structures, considered to be spermatozoa, persisted in the pouch for at least two weeks after copulation, suggesting that the pouch is a long-term spermatozoa storage organ.

SUBMITTER: Taniai K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6281218 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Traumatic insemination is not the case in three Orius species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae).

Taniai Kiyoko K Arakawa Toru T Maeda Taro T

PloS one 20181205 12

Traumatic insemination (TI) is an extraordinary style of mating behavior wherein the female integument is pierced by the male extragenital structure to transfer the spermatozoa into the female's body through wounding. Flower bugs of the genus Orius belong to the family Anthocoridae (Heteroptera), which is referred to as the "TI family". Males possess sharp shaped extragenitalia, and females receive the extragenitalia using the copulatory tubes, which are specialized extragenital structures in Or ...[more]

PMID: 30517107

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Project description:BackgroundOrius laevigatus, a minute pirate bug, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests including aphids, spider mites and thrips in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. No genomic information is currently available for O. laevigatus, as is the case for the majority of beneficial predators which feed on crop pests. In contrast, genomic information for crop pests is far more readily available. The lack of publicly available genomes for beneficial predators to date has limited our ability to perform comparative analyses of genes encoding potential insecticide resistance mechanisms between crop pests and their predators. These mechanisms include several gene/protein families including cytochrome P450s (P450s), ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs).Methods and findingsIn this study, a high-quality scaffold level de novo genome assembly for O. laevigatus has been generated using a hybrid approach with PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read data. The final assembly achieved a scaffold N50 of 125,649 bp and a total genome size of 150.98 Mb. The genome assembly achieved a level of completeness of 93.6% using a set of 1658 core insect genes present as full-length genes. Genome annotation identified 15,102 protein-coding genes - 87% of which were assigned a putative function. Comparative analyses revealed gene expansions of sigma class GSTs and CYP3 P450s. Conversely the UGT gene family showed limited expansion. Differences were seen in the distributions of resistance-associated gene families at the subfamily level between O. laevigatus and some of its targeted crop pests. A target site mutation in ryanodine receptors (I4790M, PxRyR) which has strong links to diamide resistance in crop pests and had previously only been identified in lepidopteran species was found to also be present in hemipteran species, including O. laevigatus.Conclusion and significanceThis assembly is the first published genome for the Anthocoridae family and will serve as a useful resource for further research into target-site selectivity issues and potential resistance mechanisms in beneficial predators. Furthermore, the expansion of gene families often linked to insecticide resistance may be an indicator of the capacity of this predator to detoxify selective insecticides. These findings could be exploited by targeted pesticide screens and functional studies to increase effectiveness of IPM strategies, which aim to increase crop yields by sustainably, environmentally-friendly and effectively control pests without impacting beneficial predator populations.

Dataset Information

Traumatic insemination is not the case in three Orius species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae).

Publications

Traumatic insemination is not the case in three Orius species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae).

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