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PPAR?-independent action against metabolic syndrome development by fibrates is mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signalling.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the concurrence of at least three of five medical conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, high serum triglyceride (TG) and low serum high-density lipoprotein levels. While fibrates are used to treat disorders other than the lowering serum TG, the mechanism by which fibrates decrease MS has not been established. METHODS:In this study, wild-type and Ppara-null mice fed a medium-fat diet (MFD) were administered gemfibrozil and fenofibrate for 3 months respectively, to explore the effect and action mechanism. KEY FINDINGS:In Ppara-null mice, MFD treatment increased body weight, adipose tissue, serum TG and impaired glucose tolerance. These phenotypes were attenuated in two groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The STAT3 pathway was activated in adipose and hepatic tissues in positive control, and inhibited in groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The above phenotypes and inflammation were not observed in any wild-type group. In 3T3-L1 adipogenic stem cells treated with high glucose, STAT3 knockdown greatly decreased the number of lipid droplets. CONCLUSIONS:Low dose of clinical fibrates was effective against MS development independent of PPAR?, and this action was mediated by STAT3 signalling inhibition in adipose tissue and, to a lesser extent, in hepatic tissues.

SUBMITTER: Hua H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6281295 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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PPARα-independent action against metabolic syndrome development by fibrates is mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signalling.

Hua Huiying H Yang Julin J Lin Hante H Xi Yang Y Dai Manyun M Xu Gangming G Wang Fuyan F Liu Lihong L Zhao Tingqi T Huang Jing J Gonzalez Frank J FJ Liu Aiming A

The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20180925 12

<h4>Objectives</h4>Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the concurrence of at least three of five medical conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, high serum triglyceride (TG) and low serum high-density lipoprotein levels. While fibrates are used to treat disorders other than the lowering serum TG, the mechanism by which fibrates decrease MS has not been established.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, wild-type and Ppara-null mice fed a medium-fat diet (MFD) were administered gemfibrozil a ...[more]

PMID: 30251457

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Project description:Development of a preventive strategy against tubular damage associated with proteinuria is of great importance. Recently, free fatty acid (FFA) toxicities accompanying proteinuria were found to be a main cause of tubular damage, which was aggravated by insufficiency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR?), suggesting the benefit of PPAR? activation. However, an earlier study using a murine acute tubular injury model, FFA-overload nephropathy, demonstrated that high-dose treatment of PPAR? agonist (0.5% clofibrate diet) aggravated the tubular damage as a consequence of excess serum accumulation of clofibrate metabolites due to decreased kidney elimination. To induce the renoprotective effects of PPAR? agonists without drug accumulation, we tried a pretreatment study using low-dose clofibrate (0.1% clofibrate diet) using the same murine model. Low-dose clofibrate pretreatment prevented acute tubular injuries without accumulation of its metabolites. The tubular protective effects appeared to be associated with the counteraction of PPAR? deterioration, resulting in the decrease of FFAs influx to the kidney, maintenance of fatty acid oxidation, diminution of intracellular accumulation of undigested FFAs, and attenuation of disease developmental factors including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and NF?B activation. These effects are common to other fibrates and dependent on PPAR? function. Interestingly, however, clofibrate pretreatment also exerted PPAR?-independent tubular toxicities in PPAR?-null mice with FFA-overload nephropathy. The favorable properties of fibrates are evident when PPAR?-dependent tubular protective effects outweigh their PPAR?-independent tubular toxicities. This delicate balance seems to be easily affected by the drug dose. It will be important to establish the appropriate dosage of fibrates for treatment against kidney disease and to develop a novel PPAR? activator that has a steady serum concentration regardless of kidney dysfunction.

Project description:AimsFamilial partial lipodystrophic syndrome 3 (FPLD3) is associated with mutations in the transcription factor PPARγ. One of these mutations, the P467L, confers a dominant negative effect. We and others have previously investigated the pathophysiology associated with this mutation using a humanized mouse model that recapitulates most of the clinical symptoms observed in patients who have been phenotyped under different experimental conditions. One of the key clinical manifestations observed, both in humans and mouse models, is the ectopic accumulation of fat in the liver. With this study we aim to dissect the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver and characterize the negative effect of this PPARγ mutation on the activity of PPARα in vivo when activated by fibrates.Material and methodsP465L-PPAR mutant and wild-type mice were divided into 8 experimental groups, 4 different conditions per genotype. Briefly, mice were fed a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD 45% Kcal from fat) for a period of 28 days and treated with WY14643 or vehicle for five days before culling. At the end of the experiment, tissues and plasma were collected. We performed extensive gene expression, fatty acid composition and histological analysis in the livers. The serum collected was used to measure several metabolites and to perform basic lipoprotein profile.ResultsP465L mice showed increased levels of insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) as well as increased liver steatosis. They also exhibit decreased levels of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) when fed an HFD. We also provide evidence of impaired expression of a number of well-established PPARα target genes in the P465L mutant livers.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that P465L confers partial resistance to the hypolipidemic action of fibrates. These results show that the fatty liver phenotype observed in P465L mutant mice is not only the consequence of dysfunctional adipose tissue, but also involves defective liver metabolism. All in all, the deleterious effects of P465L-PPARγ mutation may be magnified by their collateral negative effect on PPARα function.

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PPAR?-independent action against metabolic syndrome development by fibrates is mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signalling.

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PPARα-independent action against metabolic syndrome development by fibrates is mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signalling.

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