Dataset Information

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N2 O hotspots.

ABSTRACT: Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a potent, globally important, greenhouse gas, predominantly released from agricultural soils during nitrogen (N) cycling. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutualistic symbiosis with two-thirds of land plants, providing phosphorus and/or N in exchange for carbon. As AMF acquire N, it was hypothesized that AMF hyphae may reduce N2 O production. AMF hyphae were either allowed (AMF) or prevented (nonAMF) access to a compartment containing an organic matter and soil patch in two independent microcosm experiments. Compartment and patch N2 O production was measured both before and after addition of ammonium and nitrate. In both experiments, N2 O production decreased when AMF hyphae were present before inorganic N addition. In the presence of AMF hyphae, N2 O production remained low following ammonium application, but increased in the nonAMF controls. By contrast, negligible N2 O was produced following nitrate application to either AMF treatment. Thus, the main N2 O source in this system appeared to be via nitrification, and the production of N2 O was reduced in the presence of AMF hyphae. It is hypothesized that AMF hyphae may be outcompeting slow-growing nitrifiers for ammonium. This has significant global implications for our understanding of soil N cycling pathways and N2 O production.

SUBMITTER: Storer K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6282961 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N2 O hotspots.

Storer Kate K Coggan Aisha A Ineson Phil P Hodge Angela A

The New phytologist 20171205 4

Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a potent, globally important, greenhouse gas, predominantly released from agricultural soils during nitrogen (N) cycling. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutualistic symbiosis with two-thirds of land plants, providing phosphorus and/or N in exchange for carbon. As AMF acquire N, it was hypothesized that AMF hyphae may reduce N2 O production. AMF hyphae were either allowed (AMF) or prevented (nonAMF) access to a compartment containing an org ...[more]

PMID: 29206293

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Project description:BackgroundArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their beneficial effects on plants. However, there is increasing evidence that some ruderal plants, including several agricultural weeds, respond negatively to AMF colonization. Here, we investigated the effect of AMF on the growth of individual weed species and on weed-crop interactions.Methodology/principal findingsFirst, under controlled glasshouse conditions, we screened growth responses of nine weed species and three crops to a widespread AMF, Glomus intraradices. None of the weeds screened showed a significant positive mycorrhizal growth response and four weed species were significantly reduced by the AMF (growth responses between -22 and -35%). In a subsequent experiment, we selected three of the negatively responding weed species--Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria viridis and Solanum nigrum--and analyzed their responses to a combination of three AMF (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and Glomus claroideum). Finally, we tested whether the presence of a crop (maize) enhanced the suppressive effect of AMF on weeds. We found that the growth of the three selected weed species was also reduced by a combination of AMF and that the presence of maize amplified the negative effect of AMF on the growth of E. crus-galli.Conclusions/significanceOur results show that AMF can negatively influence the growth of some weed species indicating that AMF have the potential to act as determinants of weed community structure. Furthermore, mycorrhizal weed growth reductions can be amplified in the presence of a crop. Previous studies have shown that AMF provide a number of beneficial ecosystem services. Taken together with our current results, the maintenance and promotion of AMF activity may thereby contribute to sustainable management of agroecosystems. However, in order to further the practical and ecological relevance of our findings, additional experiments should be performed under field conditions.

Dataset Information

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N2 O hotspots.

Publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N<sub>2</sub> O hotspots.

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