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Genetic Identification for Non-Communicable Disease: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

ABSTRACT: Context:Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a longitudinal family based cohort study, is the oldest and largest longitudinal family based study in Iran, aimed at investigating effects of environmental, social and biological factors on the health of Tehranians over time. Considering the importance of genetic studies in this aspect, here we present a summary of the important genetic findings, and the potentiality of their contributions to future related projects. Evidence Acquisition:For all related studies during the past 20 years the search sources were all prominent search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the most proper Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results:This review summarizes associations of 6 binary phenotypes and 17 quantitative traits with genetic markers in 26 genes. Of the 47 genetic markers, studied most were related to cardio metabolic risk factors. Results of heritability and linkage analysis were also collected and the highest heritability was found to be related to HDL-C (0.5). Conclusion:Considering the opportunity provided by large-scale cohort studies to investigate molecular effects of genetic variants on causality and different omics' data, genetic studies conducted on TLGS population have had a remarkable success in identifying genetic variants that facilitating a unique genetic database on Iranian populations. The results of genome wide association studies in this population are currently facilitating investigations to define the Iranian genetic differences with other population.

SUBMITTER: Daneshpour MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6289296 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic Identification for Non-Communicable Disease: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Daneshpour Maryam S MS Hedayati Mehdi M Sedaghati-Khayat Bahareh B Guity Kamran K Zarkesh Maryam M Akbarzadeh Mahdi M Javanrooh Niloofar N Zadeh-Vakili Azita A Azizi Fereidoun F

International journal of endocrinology and metabolism 20181027 4 Suppl

<h4>Context</h4>Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a longitudinal family based cohort study, is the oldest and largest longitudinal family based study in Iran, aimed at investigating effects of environmental, social and biological factors on the health of Tehranians over time. Considering the importance of genetic studies in this aspect, here we present a summary of the important genetic findings, and the potentiality of their contributions to future related projects.<h4>Evidence acquisition ...[more]

PMID: 30584432

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Project description:ContextDyslipidemia, including elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This review summarizes many of the key findings on lipid measures in the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS), a large scale community-based study with an approximately two decade follow-up.Evidence acquisitionA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and the library of the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, using the following keywords: Lipid measures, lipid ratios, lipid profile, dyslipidemia, and "Tehran lipid and glucose study". Articles were categorized based on fields of prevalence, trends, and impact of lipid profile on incident NCDs and mortality.ResultsBetween 1999 - 2001, the prevalence of high risk lipids ranged from 14% (low HDL-C) to 17% (high LDL-C) among adolescents, although among adults the lowest and highest prevalence were observed for low HDL-C (19%) and high TG (28%). Despite favorable trends for lipid parameters among adolescents, adults, and the elderly population, a considerable number of diabetic individuals, failed to achieve the optimum level of serum lipids. During follow-up, consumption of lipid-lowering drugs increased from 1.5 to 9.0% and 3.7 to 11.4% among adult men and women, respectively. The association between different lipid parameters and related ratios for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases differed between genders. Interestingly, each 1-unit increase in TC/HDL-C increased risk of hypertension among women (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00 - 1.27) and T2D among men (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.51). Moreover, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, Ln-TG, TC/HDL-C, and Ln-TG/HDL were inversely associated with non-cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionsDespite high prevalence of high risk lipid profiles among the TLGS population at baseline, favorable trends were observed in levels of all lipid components, which might be attributable to increased consumption of lipid-lowering medications and improvement in the general knowledge of Iranians regarding limited consumption of hydrogenated oil. Considering the impact of lipid profiles on incident NCDs, more attention should be paid to at-risk groups for screening and treatment purposes.

Project description:BackgroundTo investigate whether the Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG-index) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)/coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsA total of 7521 Iranians aged ≥ 30 years (male = 3367) were included in the study. Multivariate Cox regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender, waist circumference, body mass index, educational level, smoking status, physical activity, family history of CVD, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid lowering drugs) were used to assess the risk of incident CVD/CHD across quintiles and for 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in the TyG-index. The cut off point for TyG-index was assessed by the minimum value of [Formula: see text]. We also examined the added value of the TyG-index in addition to the Framingham risk score when predicting CVD.ResultsDuring follow-up, 1084 cases of CVD (male = 634) were recorded. We found a significant trend of TyG-index for incident CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis (both Ps for tend ≤ 0.002). Moreover, a 1-SD increase in TyG-index was associated with significant risk of CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis [1.16 (1.07-1.25) and 1.19 (1.10-1.29), respectively]. The cut-off value of TyG-index for incident CVD was 9.03 (59.2% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity); the corresponding value of TyG-index for incident CHD was 9.03 (60.0% sensitivity and 62.8% specificity), respectively. Although no interaction was found between gender and TyG-index for CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis (both Ps for interaction > 0.085), the significant trend of TyG-index was observed only among females for incident CVD (P = 0.035). A significant interaction was found between age groups (i.e. ≥ 60 vs < 60 years) and TyG-index for CVD outcomes in the multivariate model (P-value for interaction = 0.046). Accordingly, a significant association between the TyG-index and outcomes was found only among the younger age group. Among the population aged < 60 the addition of TyG-index to the Framingham risk score (FRS) did not show improvement in the predictive ability of the FRS, using integrated discrimination improvement.ConclusionThe TyG-index is significantly associated with increased risk of CVD/CHD incidence; this issue was more prominent among the younger population. However, adding TyG-index to FRS does not provide better risk prediction for CVD.

Project description:Background:Hypertension, with a prevalence of 25.6% is a serious public health concern in Iran. Objective:To investigate the population-based incidence of hypertension and its potential risk factors in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 13.1 years. Methods:A total of 6,533 non-hypertensive participants (women = 3,639), aged ?20 years participated in the study. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates per 1000 person-years were calculated for each sex, separately. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential risk factors. Results:The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (95% CI) of hypertension per 1000 person-years were 29.7 (27.8-31.6) and 34.9 (32.5-37.4) among men and 25.8 (24.3-27.3) and 38.7 (35.5-42.0) among women, respectively. The incidence rate of hypertension in younger age groups was higher among men. However, after the 4th decade, the incidence rate was higher among women. Significant interactions of sex with age groups, body mass index categories, marital status, hypertriglyceridemia and glycemic categories were found in multivariable analyses (all p-values < 0.05). In the multivariable model, the risk in both sexes was found to be significantly associated with older age, obesity, and normal or high normal blood pressure (BP). Moreover, factors such as being overweight [HR: 1.20 (1.00-1.44)], former smoking [2.15 (1.52-3.04)], hypertriglyceridemia [1.23 (1.06-1.43)] and pre-diabetes status [1.19 (1.02-1.39)] were significant predictors of incident hypertension among women. Central obesity was found to be a significant predictor among men [1.26 (1.03-1.54)]. The optimism-corrected Harrell's C index (95% CI) in the categorical adjusted model was 0.75 (0.74-0.79) among men and 0.75 (0.74-0.76) among women. Conclusion:In the Tehranian population, nearly 2.7% of total participants (3% of men and 2.6% of women) develop hypertension each year. Obesity and high BP levels are the main modifiable risk factors in both sexes. Hypertriglyceridemia, prediabetes and former smoking are risk factors for hypertension among women.

Dataset Information

Genetic Identification for Non-Communicable Disease: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Publications

Genetic Identification for Non-Communicable Disease: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

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