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Warning labels on fashion images: Short- and longer-term effects on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and eating behavior.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Fashion warning labels that caution readers about digitally altered images have been recommended and adopted by several countries to prevent body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. This study investigated the short- and longer-term influence of fashion warning labels on affect, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and snack consumption using a randomized-controlled experiment. METHOD:Female undergraduates (n =?118) were randomized to view and rate responses to fashion images either with or without a warning label. They then consumed snacks and completed questionnaires. Sixty-four participants (54%) completed follow-up online surveys asking them to view and rate new fashion images with or without warning labels once per week for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were affect, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and kilocalories consumed. RESULTS:Overall, fashion warning labels had no short-term effects on affect, body dissatisfaction, or kilocalories consumed in the lab. However, individuals who reported engaging in restrictive eating consumed fewer kilocalories when exposed to advertisements with warning labels (M?= 170.33, SD =?120.78) versus no labels (M?= 286.46, SD =?166.30), p =?.008. Warning labels also had no protective effects after repeated exposure over 4 weeks on affect or eating disorder symptoms, and significantly increased appearance orientation (p =?.001). DISCUSSION:Warning labels on media images are unlikely to be an effective policy tool to prevent negative affect, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms, and, in some cases, may exacerbate these concerns.

SUBMITTER: Kwan MY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6289689 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Warning labels on fashion images: Short- and longer-term effects on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and eating behavior.

Kwan Mun Yee MY Haynos Ann F AF Blomquist Kerstin K KK Roberto Christina A CA

The International journal of eating disorders 20181001 10

<h4>Objective</h4>Fashion warning labels that caution readers about digitally altered images have been recommended and adopted by several countries to prevent body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. This study investigated the short- and longer-term influence of fashion warning labels on affect, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and snack consumption using a randomized-controlled experiment.<h4>Method</h4>Female undergraduates (n = 118) were randomized to view and rate responses ...[more]

PMID: 30480830

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Project description:IntroductionPictorial warning labels (PWL) that use photographs and the personal details of real people whose health has been affected by smoking (testimonial PWL) provide factual information about the consequences of tobacco use.MethodsNine hundred and twenty-four adult current smokers participated in an online experiment that tested responses to four types of warning labels: (1) non-testimonial text warning labels (currently on packs in the United States); (2) non-testimonial PWL (previously proposed by the United States Food and Drug Administration); (3) image only testimonial PWL (created for study); (4) image + personal details testimonial PWL (created for study). Participants were randomly assigned to condition and then exposed to up to five warning labels addressing different health effects. Differences between conditions were assessed using emotional responses and a set of intention measures immediately following exposure, and self-reported behavior change at 5-week follow-up.ResultsCompared to the non-testimonial text warning labels, all PWL elicited stronger emotional responses and intentions to forgo cigarettes and avoid the warning labels. Non-testimonial PWL and image + personal details testimonial PWL elicited stronger intentions to quit, whereas image only testimonial PWL generated a greater amount of quitting activity in the weeks following exposure. There were no significant differences in responses when comparing the non-testimonial PWL with both types of testimonial PWL.ConclusionsPWL that use images of real people convey factual information about the health effects of tobacco use. These testimonial PWL may be a promising alternative to the images previously proposed for use on PWL in the United States.ImplicationsIn the United States, the PWL developed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 were found by the courts to be unconstitutional, in part because they were deemed to present an opinion rather than fact. Findings from this experimental study indicate that PWL that use the images and personal details of real people to convey factual information about the health effects of tobacco use may satisfy the FDA's requirement for a set of PWL that (1) have the potential to positively impact the determinants of smoking cessation behavior, (2) meet legislative requirements under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and (3) may be more acceptable to the courts than the previously proposed and now dismissed PWL that carried non-factual images.

Dataset Information

Warning labels on fashion images: Short- and longer-term effects on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and eating behavior.

Publications

Warning labels on fashion images: Short- and longer-term effects on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and eating behavior.

Similar Datasets

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