Dataset Information

Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.).

ABSTRACT: A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Both diet and population had an effect on circulating glucose levels with G showing hypoglycaemia and dietary starch increasing this parameter. In contrast, G showed increased plasma triacylglycerol levels regardless of dietary treatment suggesting faster conversion of glucose to triacylglycerol. This different ability to metabolize dietary starch among strains was also reflected at a molecular (gene) level as most of the metabolic pathways evaluated were mainly affected by the factor population rather than by diet. The data are promising and suggest different regulatory capacities toward starch utilization between land-locked salmon and the farmed stock. Further analyses are necessary in order to fully characterize the capacity of land-locked salmon to utilize dietary carbohydrate.

SUBMITTER: Betancor MB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6291493 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.).

Betancor Mónica B MB Olsen Rolf E RE Marandel Lucie L Skulstad Ole F OF Madaro Angelico A Tocher Douglas R DR Panserat Stephane S

Frontiers in physiology 20181206

A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Bot ...[more]

PMID: 30574094

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Project description:Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a carbohydrate-rich diet exhibit suboptimal growth performance, along with other metabolic disturbances. It is well known that gut microbes play a pivotal role in influencing metabolism of the host, and these microbes can be modified by the diet. The main goal of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of digestible carbohydrates to Atlantic salmon on the distal intestine digesta microbiota at 3 sampling times (i.e., weeks 4, 8 and 12), during a 12-week trial. A low carbohydrate-to-high protein diet (LC/HP, 0% wheat starch), a medium carbohydrate-to-medium protein diet (MC/MP, 15% wheat starch) or a high carbohydrate-to-low protein diet (HC/LP, 30% wheat starch) was fed to triplicate fish tanks (27 to 28 fish per tank). We performed an in-depth characterization of the distal intestine digesta microbiota. Further, growth parameters, liver histology and the expression of genes involved in hepatic neolipogenesis in fish were measured. Fish fed a HC/LP diet showed greater hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes (P = 0.026 and P = 0.018, respectively), lower final weight (P = 0.005), weight gain (P = 0.003), feed efficiency (P = 0.033) and growth rate (P = 0.003) compared with fish fed the LC/HP diet. Further, feeding salmon a high digestible carbohydrate diet caused greater lipid vacuolization, steatosis index (P = 0.007) and expression of fatty acid synthase (fas) and delta-6 fatty acyl desaturase (d6fad) (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) in the liver compared with fish fed the LC/HP diet. Although, the major impact of feeding a carbohydrate-rich diet to Atlantic salmon in beta diversity of distal intestine digesta microbiota was observed at week 4 (HC/LP vs MC/MP and HC/LP vs LC/HP; P = 0.007 and P = 0.008, respectively) and week 8 (HC/LP vs MC/MP; P = 0.04), no differences between experimental groups were detected after 12 weeks of feeding. Finally, at the end of the trial, there was a negative correlation between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) members, including Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus, with hepatic steatosis level, the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes as well as the expression of fas and d6fad. Weissella showed negative correlation with hepatic steatosis level and the hepatosomatic index. Finally, further research to explore the potential use of LAB as probiotics to improve liver health in carnivorous fish fed fatty liver-induced diet is warranted.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Uranium (U) is a naturally occurring radionuclide that has been found in the aquatic environment due to anthropogenic activities. Exposure to U may pose risk to aquatic organisms due to its radiological and chemical toxicity. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical toxicity of U in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using depleted uranium (DU) as a test model. The fish were exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations of DU (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg U/L) for 48 h. Hepatic transcriptional responses were studied using microarrays in combination with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Plasma variables and chromosomal damages were also studied to link transcriptional responses to potential physiological changes at higher levels. RESULTS: The microarray gene expression analysis identified 847, 891 and 766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver of salmon after 48 h exposure to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L DU, respectively. These DEGs were associated with known gene ontology functions such as generation of precursor metabolites and energy, carbohydrate metabolic process and cellular homeostasis. The salmon DEGs were then mapped to mammalian orthologs and subjected to protein-protein network and pathway analysis. The results showed that various toxicity pathways involved in mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, nuclear receptor signaling, organ damage were commonly affected by all DU concentrations. Eight genes representative of several key pathways were further verified using qPCR No significant formation of micronuclei in the red blood cells or alterations of plasma stress variables were identified. CONCLUSION: The current study suggested that the mitochondrion may be a key target of U chemical toxicity in salmon. The induction of oxidative stress and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation may be two potential modes of action (MoA) of DU. These MoAs may subsequently lead to downstream events such as apoptosis, DNA repair, hypoxia signaling and immune response. The early toxicological mechanisms of U chemical toxicity in salmon has for the first time been systematically profiled. However, no other physiological changes were observed. Future efforts to link transcriptional responses to adverse effects have been outlined as important for understanding of potential risk to aquatic organisms.

Dataset Information

Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.).

Publications

Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.).

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