Dataset Information

Posterior HOX genes and HOTAIR expression in the proximal and distal colon cancer pathogenesis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Increasing evidences showed that the location of the primary tumor on the right (proximal) or left (distal) side of the colon have a prognostic/predictive value for colon cancer patients. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis in different location of colon is still unclear. Probably an important role could be played by genes that control the spatial-temporal development of bodily structures, such as HOX genes. METHODS:The main purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of the paralogous 13 HOX genes and of the HOX regulating lncRNA HOTAIR in distal and proximal CRC cases. We have carried out a Tissue Micro Array with left and right CRC samples associated with all clinical-pathological parameters of patients. The expression of HOX genes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the staining of HOTAIR was performed by in situ hybridization using a specifically designed LNA probe. RESULTS:All paralogous 13 HOX genes and HOTAIR are silent in normal tissue and expressed in CRC samples. HOXB13, HOXC13 and HOTAIR showed a statistical association with lymph nodes metastasis (p value?=?0.003, p value?=?0.05, p value?=?0.04). HOXB13, HOXC13 and lncRNA HOTAIR are overexpressed in right CRCs samples (p value?

SUBMITTER: Tatangelo F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6292169 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Posterior HOX genes and HOTAIR expression in the proximal and distal colon cancer pathogenesis.

Tatangelo Fabiana F Di Mauro Annabella A Scognamiglio Giosuè G Aquino Gabriella G Lettiero Antonio A Delrio Paolo P Avallone Antonio A Cantile Monica M Botti Gerardo G

Journal of translational medicine 20181212 1

<h4>Background</h4>Increasing evidences showed that the location of the primary tumor on the right (proximal) or left (distal) side of the colon have a prognostic/predictive value for colon cancer patients. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis in different location of colon is still unclear. Probably an important role could be played by genes that control the spatial-temporal development of bodily structures, such as HOX genes.<h4>Methods</h4 ...[more]

PMID: 30541551

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Project description:High tibial osteotomy is a common procedure to address unicompartment knee osteoarthritis and other conditions. Regarding the specific surgical methods, medial open wedge osteotomy and lateral close wedge osteotomy are the most used. Both methods have a common disadvantage in that they are not so suitable to correct a severe deformity. Thus, we would like to introduce an anterior proximal-to-posterior distal oblique proximal tibial osteotomy technique, which is especially suitable to correct severe tibial deformity. The most critical point of this technique is to create an osteotomy plane from the most proximal posterior site of the tibial tubercle posteriorly and distally to the posterior cortex of the tibia, with each horizontal osteotomy maneuver in the coronal plane. Combined fibular osteotomy is always needed, and better results can be obtained when it is combined with arthroscopic debridement of the knee. We consider the introduction of this technique will provide a useful option when tibial osteotomy is needed to preserve the knee, especially for a great deformity correction. Technique Video Video 1 Anterior proximal-to-posterior distal oblique proximal tibial osteotomy. This procedure is performed in the right knee. Arthroscopy is performed to confirm the osteoarthritis status of the medial compartment and the healthier status of the lateral compartment. Debridement and other indicated arthroscopic procedures are performed. A K-wire is drilled in the coronal plane from the medial to the lateral side of the tibia at a level approximately 1 cm distal to the joint line, parallels the joint line as far as possible, and is used as a proximal reference wire. Another K-wire is drilled into the tibia also in the coronal plane at a level in the distal one third of the leg and used as a distal reference wire. The angle between the 2 reference wires is controlled being equal to the to-be-corrected angle of the tibia as far as possible. A longitudinal incision is made over the midline of the medial surface of the tibia. The pes anserinus is peeled off from its tibial insertion. A K-wire is placed at the most proximal and posterior site of the tibial tubercle and an osteotomy line is marked posterodistally to the posteromedial ridge of the tibia with 30° angulation to the tibial axis. The posterior osteofascial compartments are opened at the distal end of the osteotomy line. A 2.5-mm K-wire is used to drill through the medial tibial cortex along the osteotomy line to make a line of holes with approximately 5 mm distance between the neighboring holes. An osteotome is used to cut the bone and connect the holes along the osteotomy line at the medial side of the tibia. The lateral tibial cortex is drilled through the medial tibial fissure with each drilling maneuver along the coronal plane, to create a line of holes on the lateral side of the tibia. The osteotome is put into the fissure at the medial side of the tibia to connect the holes on the lateral side of the tibia to create an osteotomy plane. The distal posterior tibial cortex is cut along the osteotomy plane. A K-wire is drilled perpendicular to the coronal plane through the middle of the osteotomy plane. A fibula osteotomy is performed at its middle point with a wire saw. Valgus stress is applied to correct the varus deformity of the tibia till the 2 reference wires parallel to each other. Two additional K-wires are placed across the osteotomy plane for temporary fixation of the fracture. A tibial condyle plate is placed at the medial side of the tibia. Four self-locking screws are placed in respectively at the proximal and distal segments of the tibia for fracture fixation. The K wires for temporary fixation and correction reference are removed. A suction drainage tube is placed to the osteotomy site. The wounds are closed.

Project description:BackgroundHox genes are key elements in patterning animal development. They are renowned for their, often, clustered organisation in the genome, with supposed mechanistic links between the organisation of the genes and their expression. The widespread distribution and comparable functions of Hox genes across the animals has led to them being a major study system for comparing the molecular bases for construction and divergence of animal morphologies. Echinoderms (including sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers, feather stars and brittle stars) possess one of the most unusual body plans in the animal kingdom with pronounced pentameral symmetry in the adults. Consequently, much interest has focused on their development, evolution and the role of the Hox genes in these processes. In this context, the organisation of echinoderm Hox gene clusters is distinctive. Within the classificatory system of Duboule, echinoderms constitute one of the clearest examples of Disorganized (D) clusters (i.e. intact clusters but with a gene order or orientation rearranged relative to the ancestral state).ResultsHere we describe two Hox genes (Hox11/13d and e) that have been overlooked in most previous work and have not been considered in reconstructions of echinoderm Hox complements and cluster organisation. The two genes are related to Posterior Hox genes and are present in all classes of echinoderm. Importantly, they do not reside in the Hox cluster of any species for which genomic linkage data is available.ConclusionIncorporating the two neglected Posterior Hox genes into assessments of echinoderm Hox gene complements and organisation shows that these animals in fact have Split (S) Hox clusters rather than simply Disorganized (D) clusters within the Duboule classification scheme. This then has implications for how these genes are likely regulated, with them no longer covered by any potential long-range Hox cluster-wide, or multigenic sub-cluster, regulatory mechanisms.

Dataset Information

Posterior HOX genes and HOTAIR expression in the proximal and distal colon cancer pathogenesis.

Publications

Posterior HOX genes and HOTAIR expression in the proximal and distal colon cancer pathogenesis.

Similar Datasets

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