Digital Identity: The effect of trust and reputation information on user judgement in the Sharing Economy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zloteanu M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6292641 | biostudies-literature | 2018
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The growing ecosystem of peer-to-peer enterprise - the Sharing Economy (SE) - has brought with it a substantial change in how we access and provide goods and services. Within the SE, individuals make decisions based mainly on user-generated trust and reputation information (TRI). Recent research indicates that the use of such information tends to produce a positivity bias in the perceived trustworthiness of fellow users. Across two experimental studies performed on an artificial SE accommodation platform, we test whether users' judgments can be accurate when presented with diagnostic information relating to the quality of the profiles they see or if these overly positive perceptions persist. In study 1, we find that users are quite accurate overall (70%) at determining the quality of a profile, both when presented with full profiles or with profiles where they selected three TRI elements they considered useful for their decision-making. However, users tended to exhibit an "upward quality bias" when making errors. In study 2, we leveraged patterns of frequently vs. infrequently selected TRI elements to understand whether users have insights into which are more diagnostic and find that presenting frequently selected TRI elements improved users' accuracy. Overall, our studies demonstrate that - positivity bias notwithstanding - users can be remarkably accurate in their online SE judgments.
| S-EPMC8637778 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To measure public trust in a health information sharing in a broadly defined health system (system trust), inclusive of health care, public health, and research; to identify individual characteristics that predict system trust; and to consider these findings in the context of national health initiatives (e.g., learning health systems and precision medicine) that will expand the scope of data sharing. DATA SOURCES:Survey data (n = 1,011) were collected in February 2014. STUDY DESIGN:We constructed a composite index of four dimensions of system trust-competency, fidelity, integrity, and trustworthiness. The index was used in linear regression evaluating demographic and psychosocial predictors of system trust. DATA COLLECTION:Data were collected by GfK Custom using a nationally representative sample and analyzed in Stata 13.0. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Our findings suggest the public's trust may not meet the needs of health systems as they enter an era of expanded data sharing. We found that a majority of the U.S. public does not trust the organizations that have health information and share it (i.e., the health system) in one or more dimensions. Together, demographic and psychosocial factors accounted for ~18 percent of the observed variability in system trust. Future research should consider additional predictors of system trust such as knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to inform policies and practices for health data sharing.
| S-EPMC5867170 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThe (GuideSafe™) Exposure Notification System (ENS) was built and deployed in (Alabama) for anonymous sending and receiving of COVID-19 exposure alerts to people who have been in close contact with someone who later reports a positive COVID-19 test. Little is known about how the demographic groups perceive recent privacy-preserving the ENS innovations, including their usability, usefulness, satisfaction, and continued interest in sharing COVID-19 exposure information. The purpose of this study was to investigate how users across the demographic groups perceive the sharing of exposure information with various types of organizations and to investigate how end-user perceptions of the ENS usability, usefulness, and satisfaction differ across the demographic groups within the context of a statewide deployment of an exposure notification system.MethodsA survey was administered to (state residents blinded for review) (N = 1,049) to assess propensity to share COVID-19 infection data and evaluate end-user perceptions about usability, usefulness, and satisfaction with the (Alabama) ENS. The ANOVA and the Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc tests were conducted to assess the demographic group differences.ResultsThe ENS survey participants had a high awareness of contact tracing, exposure notifications, and the (GuideSafe™) ENS and reported having downloaded the app. Survey results revealed the majority of participants rated the app as useful (n = 490, 79%), easy to use (n = 490, 79%), and reported satisfaction with its use (n = 546, 88%). Other results suggest that ethnicity and age may be important factors for trust in sharing exposure information.ConclusionThe (GuideSafe™) system was one integrated component of comprehensive education and work re-entry strategy across (Alabama) that reached a broad user base. Users across the different demographic groups perceive the sharing of information about their communicable disease exposures differently. Furthermore, demographic factors play a role in which types of organizations individuals are willing to share their communicable disease exposure information. Public health institutions, employers, schools, healthcare providers, and technology designers may want to consider these findings as they construct technologies and perform outreach campaigns aimed at reducing infection rates with the ENS and related technologies.
| S-EPMC9366094 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An experiment is designed to shed light on how deception works. The experiment involves a twenty period sender/receiver game in which period 5 has more weight than other periods. In each period, the informed sender communicates about the realized state, the receiver then reports a belief about the state before being informed whether the sender lied. Throughout the interaction, a receiver is matched with the same sender who is either malevolent with an objective opposed to the receiver or benevolent always telling the truth. The main findings are: (1) in several variants (differing in the weight of the key period and the share of benevolent senders), the deceptive tactic in which malevolent senders tell the truth up to the key period and then lie at the key period is used roughly 25% of the time, (2) the deceptive tactic brings higher expected payoff than other observed strategies, and (3) a majority of receivers do not show cautiousness at the key period when no lie was made before. These observations do not match the predictions of the Sequential Equilibrium and can be organized using the analogy-based sequential equilibrium (ABSE) in which three quarters of subjects reason coarsely.
| S-EPMC8550209 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ausweisdokumente ermögliche es Personen vor Ort eindeutig zu identifizieren. Um bestimmte online Dienste wahrzunehmen zu können, bedarf es auch einer Identifikation im Internet. Hierfür wird eine digitale Identität benötigt. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse von zwei Studien mit Nutzenden (mit jeweils 16 und 12 Teilnehmenden) vor, die auf einem neu entwickelten Konzept einer sogenannten Identity Wallet basieren. Dieses Konzept veranschaulicht, wie Nutzende selbstständig diverse digitale Identitäten, sowohl hoheitliche wie der Personalausweis als auch nicht-hoheitliche wie der Bibliotheksausweis, in einer einzigen App speichern. Somit ist es den Nutzenden möglich ihre Identität mit einer einzigen App bei Dienstanbietern mit unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen an das Ausweisdokument nachzuweisen. Neben der Speicherung von Ausweisen oder auch Nachweisdokumenten, zeigt dieses Identity Wallet Konzept ebenso die Option auf Schlüssel (Fahrzeugschlüssel, Hotelzimmer, etc.) in derselben App zu hinterlegen. Das Konzept wurde 2020 ausgearbeitet und mit 16 Studienteilnehmenden getestet, um nicht nur die Einsatzbereitschaft der Nutzenden, sondern auch das Vertrauen in solch ein Konzept zu evaluieren. Die Teilnehmenden waren offen für den Einsatz der Wallet und vom Konzept überzeugt. In Bezug auf das Thema Vertrauen wiesen die Ergebnisse der Studie daraufhin, dass der Anbieter der Wallet Anwendung Einfluss darauf nimmt, inwieweit Nutzende beschließen, der Anwendung zu vertrauen. Etwa die Hälfte der Teilnehmenden bevorzugten den Staat als Betreiber der Wallet, während die übrigen Teilnehmenden ein privates Unternehmen präferierten. Ein überarbeitetes Konzept der Identity Wallet wurde 2022 erneut mit 12 Studienteilnehmenden getestet. Auch hier wurde die Frage der Einsatzbereitschaft der Nutzenden sowie des Vertrauens evaluiert. Die Studienteilnehmenden zeigten weiterhin eine große Bereitschaft zum Einsatz der Wallet. Allerdings veränderten sich die Ergebnisse zum Thema Vertrauen. Sie weisen darauf hin, dass nur eine Person ein privates Unternehmen als Betreiber der Wallet bevorzugt, während die übrigen Teilnehmenden den Staat favorisieren. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1365/s40702-023-00951-7) enthalten.
| S-EPMC9980846 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) formally recognized the sovereign rights of nations over their biological diversity. Implicit within the treaty is the idea that mega-biodiverse countries will provide genetic resources and grant access to them and scientists in high-income countries will use these resources and share back benefits. However, little research has been conducted on how this framework is reflected in real-life scientific practice. Currently, parties to the CBD are debating whether digital sequence information (DSI) should be regulated under a new benefit-sharing framework. At this critical time point in the upcoming international negotiations, we test the fundamental hypothesis of provision and use of DSI by looking at the global patterns of access and use in scientific publications. Our data reject the provider-user relationship and suggest a far more complex information flow for DSI. Therefore, any new policy decisions on DSI should be aware of the high level of use of DSI across low- and middle-income countries and seek to preserve open access to this crucial common good.
| S-EPMC8716360 | biostudies-literature
Project description:China has witnessed the trend of corporate financialization (CF) with some potential risks as the economy slows down its pace in the past decade. In this paper, we explore whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) could work as an information channel to restrain CF or as reputation insurance to promote CF. We find a significant positive relation between CSR and CF, especially for non-SOEs and enterprises with low ownership concentration and high CSR scores. It verifies that the reputation insurance effect by CSR outweighs the information effect and denies the opposite. The results prove robust in tests including sensitivity and endogeneity test. By expanding the scale and adding new aspects to the discussion about how CSR affects CF, this paper provides valuable empirical support to both theorists and practitioners.
| S-EPMC9292106 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biobanks are made all the more valuable when the biological samples they hold can be linked to health information collected in research, electronic health records, or public health practice. Public trust in such systems that share health information for research and health care practice is understudied. Our research examines characteristics of the general public that predict trust in a health system that includes researchers, health care providers, insurance companies and public health departments. We created a 119-item survey of predictors and attributes of system trust and fielded it using Amazon's MTurk system (n = 447). We found that seeing one's primary care provider, having a favorable view of data sharing and believing that data sharing will improve the quality of health care, as well as psychosocial factors (altruism and generalized trust) were positively and significantly associated with system trust. As expected, privacy concern, but counterintuitively, knowledge about health information sharing were negatively associated with system trust. We conclude that, in order to assure the public's trust, policy makers charged with setting best practices for governance of biobanks and access to electronic health records should leverage critical access points to engage a diverse public in joint decision making.
| S-EPMC4384055 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesAccess to personal health records in an ICU by persons involved in the patient's care (referred to broadly as "family members" below) has the potential to increase engagement and reduce the negative psychologic sequelae of such hospitalizations. Currently, little is known about patient preferences for information sharing with a designated family member in the ICU. We sought to understand the information-sharing preferences of former ICU patients and their family members and to identify predictors of information-sharing preferences.DesignWe performed an internet survey that was developed by a broad, multidisciplinary team of stakeholders. Formal pilot testing of the survey was conducted prior to internet survey administration to study subjects.SettingInternet survey.SubjectsSubjects included English-speaking adults who had an ICU experience or a family member with ICU experience between 2013 and 2016. We used panel sampling to ensure an ethnically representative sample of the U.S. population.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsOne thousand five hundred twenty surveys were submitted, and 1,470 were included in analysis. The majority of respondents (93.6%) stated that they would want to share present and past medical history, either all or that related to their ICU stay, with a designated family member of their choosing. The majority (79%) would also want their designated family member to be able to access that information from a home computer. Although most respondents preferred to share all types of information, they indicated varying levels of willingness to share specific types of more sensitive information. Information-sharing preferences did not differ by age, sex, ethnicity, or type of prior experience in the ICU (i.e., patient or family member).ConclusionsIn the context of an ICU admission, sharing personal health information with a person of the patient's choosing appears desirable for most patients and family members. Policies and implementation of regulations should take this into consideration.
| S-EPMC8797001 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDespite the 2015 Montgomery Ruling highlighting key requisites for informed consent, little has changed to modernise data-sharing and documentation of the consent process. It can be difficult to gauge patient understanding and address all patient concerns in time-limited appointments. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a digital information-sharing platform to support a move towards a digital informed consent process.MethodsAll adult patients referred to a single centre with symptomatic gallstones were invited to use a digital information-sharing platform to support the informed consent process prior to their first surgical clinic appointment. The platform provided patients with multimedia information on gallstones and available treatment options. It recorded the time spent accessing information, asked patients multiple choice questions (MCQs) to allow a self-test of understanding, documented a summary medical history, and allowed free text for patient questions. This information was summarised into a clinical report to support outpatient clinic consultations.ResultsOf the 349 patients registered to use the digital platform, 203 (58.2%) [165 (81.3%) female, mean age 47.6 years (range 19-84 years)] completed all modules necessary to generate a clinical report. Some 130 patients (64.0%) answered all 10 MCQs correctly and spent a mean of 18.7 min (range 3-88 min) reading the consent information. Most patient-reported medical histories were deemed to be accurate.ConclusionDespite difficulties with access, resulting in drop-outs, patients welcomed the opportunity to receive information digitally, prior to their consultation. Patients described feeling empowered and better informed to be involved in decision-making.
| S-EPMC9734622 | biostudies-literature