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Responses of healthy young males to fine-particle exposure are modified by exercise habits: a panel study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Aerobic exercise benefits health but increases inhalation of fine particles (PM2.5) in ambient air. Acute cardiopulmonary responses to PM2.5 exposure in individuals with different exercise habits, especially in areas with severe air pollution, are not well understood. METHODS:To examine acute cardiopulmonary responses to PM2.5 exposure modified by exercise habits, a panel of 20 healthy non-smoking male subjects, recruited in Beijing, China, completed seven visits. The exercise frequency per week and preferred exercise place were recorded using a baseline questionnaire to describe exercise habits. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), cytokines in exhaled breath condensate, blood pressure, and pulse-wave analysis (PWA) indices were measured during each visit as biomarkers of acute cardiopulmonary responses. The hourly average mass concentration of PM2.5 and black carbon (BC), and the number concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) and accumulation mode particles (AMP) were monitored throughout the follow-up period at an outdoor fixed monitoring station beginning 14?days prior to each visit. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the associations between acute changes in biomarker levels and exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents. The primary aim was to assess the modification of long-term exercise habits on these associations. RESULTS:FeNO concentration, systolic blood pressure, ejection duration, aortic augmentation pressure, and aortic pressure index were positively associated with exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents. However, no associations with cytokine levels or diastolic blood pressure were observed. In a stratified analysis, we found that acute cardiopulmonary responses were modified by exercise habit. Specifically, the interquartile ranges (IQR) of increases in the 6-12-h moving average (MA) PM2.5 and AMP exposure were associated with 19-21% and 24-26% increases in FeNO, respectively, in subjects with high exercise frequency; these associations were significantly stronger than those in subjects with low exercise frequency. An IQR increase in 3-11-d MA AMP exposure was associated with a 10-26% increase in aortic augmentation pressure in subjects with low exercise frequency; this association was significantly stronger than that in subjects with high exercise frequency. An IQR increase in 9-13-d MA UFP exposure was associated with a 13-17% increase in aortic augmentation pressure in subjects who preferred outdoor exercise; this association was stronger than that in subjects who preferred indoor exercise. CONCLUSIONS:In highly polluted areas, frequent exercise might protect against PM2.5-associated arterial stiffness but exacerbate airway inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Chen X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6293663 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Responses of healthy young males to fine-particle exposure are modified by exercise habits: a panel study.

Chen Xi X Chen Wu W Wang Yanwen Y Han Yiqun Y Zhu Tong T

Environmental health : a global access science source 20181213 1

<h4>Background</h4>Aerobic exercise benefits health but increases inhalation of fine particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in ambient air. Acute cardiopulmonary responses to PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure in individuals with different exercise habits, especially in areas with severe air pollution, are not well understood.<h4>Methods</h4>To examine acute cardiopulmonary responses to PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure modified by exercise habits, a panel of 20 healthy non-smoking male subjects, recruited in Beijing, Chi ...[more]

PMID: 30545423

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Project description:Hypoxia-induced insulin resistance appears to suppress exogenous glucose oxidation during metabolically matched aerobic exercise during acute (<8 h) high-altitude (HA) exposure. However, a better understanding of this metabolic dysregulation is needed to identify interventions to mitigate these effects. The objective of this study was to determine if differences in metabolomic profiles during exercise at sea level (SL) and HA are reflective of hypoxia-induced insulin resistance. Native lowlanders (n = 8 males) consumed 145 g (1.8 g/min) of glucose while performing 80-min of metabolically matched treadmill exercise at SL (757 mmHg) and HA (460 mmHg) after 5-h exposure. Exogenous glucose oxidation and glucose turnover were determined using indirect calorimetry and dual tracer technique ([13C]glucose and [6,6-2H2]glucose). Metabolite profiles were analyzed in serum as change (Δ), calculated by subtracting postprandial/exercised state SL (ΔSL) and HA (ΔHA) from fasted, rested conditions at SL. Compared with SL, exogenous glucose oxidation, glucose rate of disappearance, and glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were lower (P < 0.05) during exercise at HA. One hundred and eighteen metabolites differed between ΔSL and ΔHA (P < 0.05, Q < 0.10). Differences in metabolites indicated increased glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid catabolism, oxidative stress, and fatty acid storage, and decreased fatty acid mobilization for ΔHA. Branched-chain amino acids and oxidative stress metabolites, Δ3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate (r = -0.738) and Δγ-glutamylalanine (r = -0.810), were inversely associated (P < 0.05) with Δexogenous glucose oxidation. Δ3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (r = -0.762) and Δ2-hydroxybutyrate/2-hydroxyisobutyrate (r = -0.738) were inversely associated (P < 0.05) with glucose MCR. Coupling global metabolomics and glucose kinetic data suggest that the underlying cause for diminished exogenous glucose oxidative capacity during aerobic exercise is acute hypoxia-mediated peripheral insulin resistance.

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Responses of healthy young males to fine-particle exposure are modified by exercise habits: a panel study.

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Responses of healthy young males to fine-particle exposure are modified by exercise habits: a panel study.

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