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Epigenetic modifications acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in juvenile hormone action.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones are known to regulate gene expression. Antagonistic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate transcriptional reprogramming during insect development as shown in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Juvenile hormones (JH) play vital roles in the regulation of growth, development, metamorphosis, reproduction and other physiological processes. However, our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of JH action is still limited. Hence, we studied the role of CREB binding protein (CBP, contains HAT domain) and Trichostatin A (TSA, HDAC inhibitor) on JH action. RESULTS:Exposure of Tribolium castaneum cells (TcA cells) to JH or TSA caused an increase in expression of Kr-h1 (a known JH-response gene) and 31 or 698 other genes respectively. Knockdown of the gene coding for CBP caused a decrease in the expression of 456 genes including Kr-h1. Interestingly, the expression of several genes coding for transcription factors, nuclear receptors, P450 and fatty acid synthase family members that are known to mediate JH action were affected by CBP knockdown or TSA treatment. CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that acetylation and deacetylation mediated by HATs and HDACs play an important role in JH action.

SUBMITTER: Roy A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6295036 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epigenetic modifications acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in juvenile hormone action.

Roy Amit A Palli Subba Reddy SR

BMC genomics 20181214 1

<h4>Background</h4>Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones are known to regulate gene expression. Antagonistic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate transcriptional reprogramming during insect development as shown in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Juvenile hormones (JH) play vital roles in the regulation of growth, development, metamorphosis, reproduction and other physiolog ...[more]

PMID: 30547764

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Project description:Cryptococcus neoformans is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen. Like many dimorphic fungal pathogens, C. neoformans can undergo morphological transition from the yeast form to the hypha form, and its morphotype is tightly linked to its virulence. Although some genetic factors controlling morphogenesis have been identified, little is known about the epigenetic regulation in this process. Proteins with the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a structurally conserved domain in eukaryotes, were first identified in plants and are known to be involved in reading and effecting chromatin modification. Here, we investigated the role of the PHD finger family genes in Cryptococcus mating and yeast-hypha transition. We found 16 PHD finger domains distributed among 15 genes in the Cryptococcus genome, with two genes, ZNF1? and RUM1?, located in the mating type locus. We deleted these 15 PHD genes and examined the impact of their disruption on cryptococcal morphogenesis. The deletion of five PHD finger genes dramatically affected filamentation. The rum1?? and znf1?? mutants showed enhanced ability to initiate filamentation but impaired ability to maintain filamentous growth. The bye1? and the phd11? mutants exhibited enhanced filamentation, while the set302? mutants displayed reduced filamentation. Ectopic overexpression of these five genes in the corresponding null mutants partially or completely restored the defect in filamentation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Phd11, a suppressor of filamentation, regulates the yeast-hypha transition through the known master regulator Znf2. The findings indicate the importance of epigenetic regulation in controlling dimorphic transition in C. neoformansIMPORTANCE Morphotype is known to have a profound impact on cryptococcal interaction with various hosts, including mammalian hosts. The yeast form of Cryptococcus neoformans is considered the virulent form, while its hyphal form is attenuated in mammalian models of cryptococcosis. Although some genetic regulators critical for cryptococcal morphogenesis have been identified, little is known about epigenetic regulation in this process. Given that plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are involved in reading and effecting chromatin modification and their functions are unexplored in C. neoformans, we investigated the roles of the 15 PHD finger genes in Cryptococcus mating and yeast-hypha transition. Five of them profoundly affect filamentation as either a suppressor or an activator. Phd11, a suppressor of filamentation, regulates this process via Znf2, a known master regulator of morphogenesis. Thus, epigenetic regulation, coupled with genetic regulation, controls this yeast-hypha transition event.

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Epigenetic modifications acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in juvenile hormone action.

Publications

Epigenetic modifications acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in juvenile hormone action.

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