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Level and determinants of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women: A cross sectional study in a rural area in Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Increasing the level of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) is one of the key interventions to promote optimal utilization of skilled maternal health services. It is therefore essential to determine the women's ability to recognize the danger signs and the level of BP/CR. This information can be used to design more effective health interventions. OBJECTIVES:This study was conducted to determine the knowledge in recognition of maternal complications, and the level and factors associated with BP/CR in rural Matlab, Bangladesh. METHODS:A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from June- October 2015 on a randomly selected 2262 women who delivered live or stillbirth during the year 2014. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used. RESULTS:The proportion of study participants with "good knowledge", measured by the ability to recognise three or more danger signs, in pregnancy and delivery were 26% and 23%, respectively. Out of four BP/CR components, about 15% women saved money, 12% women identified facility for delivery, 9.6% women planned to deliver by skilled birth attendant and 5.3% of women arranged transport. About 12% of women were "well prepared", measured by planning of at least two components, for skilled childbirth and emergency obstetric complications. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, asset index, antenatal care (ANC) visits and knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and delivery were associated with BP/CR. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of "well prepared" was 4.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.45-6.82) among women with an asset index of five (richest), compared with women in the asset index of one (poorest). The odds of "well prepared" was six times (OR 5.98, 95% CI: 3.85-9.28) higher for women with four or more ANC visits, compared to women with none or one ANC visit. In comparison to women with "poor knowledge" on maternal danger signs during pregnancy and delivery, the odds ratio of "well prepared" among women with good knowledge during pregnancy and in delivery were 1.95 (95% CI: 1.44-2.63) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.28-2.36), respectively. CONCLUSION:The study revealed a low level of maternal knowledge of danger signs and BP/CR among pregnant women. Further, low socioeconomic status, fewer ANC visits and poor knowledge in recognition of dangers signs on maternal health were associated with low BP/CR. More emphasis should be placed on the quality of information offered to the pregnant women during the prenatal contact and women from low socio-economic gradient should be prioritized to optimize the impact of future BP/CR interventions.

SUBMITTER: Pervin J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6296737 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:With an aim to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, 'birth preparedness and complication readiness' (BP/CR) promotes timely access to skilled maternal and neonatal services. Objective of this study was to assess implementation of BP/CR among pregnant women admitted with obstetric emergencies in rural Rwanda. METHODS:A cross-sectional study among pregnant women who were referred to Ruhengeri hospital between July and November 2015. The 'Safe Motherhood questionnaire' as developed by Jhpiego's Maternal and Neonatal Health Program was used to collect data. Women were asked to mention key danger signs and respond as to whether they had identified: (A) skilled birth attendant, (B) location to give birth, (C) mode of transport, (D) money to cover health care expenditure. Women who answered 'yes' to three or four items were labeled 'well prepared'. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare the 'well prepared' and 'less prepared'. RESULTS:With regard to complication readiness, out of 350 women, 296 (84.6%), 271 (77.4%) and 288 (82.3%) could mention at least one key danger sign during pregnancy, labor and postpartum respectively, but only 23 (6.6%) could mention three or more key danger signs during all three periods. With regard to birth preparedness, 46 (13.1%) women had identified a skilled birth attendant, 68 (19.4%) birth location, 76 (21.7%) mode of transport, and 306 (87.4%) had saved money for health care costs. Seventy-eight women (22.3%) were 'well prepared', associated factors being first time pregnancy (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 3.2; 95% CI; 1.2-5.8), knowledge of at least two danger signs (aOR = 2.8; 95% CI; 1.7-3.9) and having been assisted by a community health worker at the antenatal clinic (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI; 1.3-3.7). CONCLUSION:Knowledge of obstetric danger signs was suboptimal and birth preparedness low. We recommend review of practices regarding health promotion in antenatal care, taking care not to exclude multiparous women from messages related to birth preparedness, and do promote use of community health workers to enhance effectiveness of BP/CR.

Project description:BackgroundBirth preparedness and complication readiness aims to reduce delays in care seeking, promote skilled birth attendance, and facility deliveries. Little is known about birth preparedness practices among populations living in hard-to-reach areas in Bangladesh.ObjectivesTo describe levels of birth preparedness and complication readiness among recently delivered women, identify determinants of being better prepared for birth, and assess the impact of greater birth preparedness on maternal and neonatal health practices.MethodsA cross-sectional survey with 2,897 recently delivered women was undertaken in 2012 as part of an evaluation trial done in five hard-to-reach districts in rural Bangladesh. Mothers were considered well prepared for birth if they adopted two or more of the four birth preparedness components. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used for analysis.ResultsLess than a quarter (24.5%) of women were considered well prepared for birth. Predictors of being well-prepared included: husband's education (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.1-1.7), district of residence, exposure to media in the form of reading a newspaper (OR = 2.2; CI: 1.2-3.9), receiving home visit by a health worker during pregnancy (OR = 1.5; CI: 1.2-1.8), and receiving at least 3 antenatal care visits from a qualified provider (OR = 1.4; CI: 1.0-1.9). Well-prepared women were more likely to deliver at a health facility (OR = 2.4; CI: 1.9-3.1), use a skilled birth attendant (OR = 2.4, CI: 1.9-3.1), practice clean cord care (OR = 1.3, CI: 1.0-1.5), receive post-natal care from a trained provider within two days of birth for themselves (OR = 2.6, CI: 2.0-3.2) or their newborn (OR = 2.6, CI: 2.1-3.3), and seek care for delivery complications (OR = 1.8, CI: 1.3-2.6).ConclusionGreater emphasis on BPCR interventions tailored for hard to reach areas is needed to improve skilled birth attendance, care seeking for complications and essential newborn care and facilitate reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality in low performing districts in Bangladesh.

Project description:IntroductionDespite remarkable progress in maternal and neonatal health over past two decades, maternal and neonatal mortality in Bangladesh remain high, which is partially attributable to low use of skilled maternal and newborn health (MNH) services. Birth preparedness and complications readiness (BCPR) is recommended by the World Health Organization and by the Government of Bangladesh as a key intervention to increasing appropriate MNH services. This study aims to explore the status of BPCR in a hard-to-reach area of rural Bangladesh and to demonstrate how BPCR practices is associated with birth in the presence of a skilled birth attendant.MethodsData was collected using multistage cluster sampling-based household survey in two sub-districts of Netrokona, Bangladesh in 2014. Interviews were conducted among women with a recent birth history in 12-months and their husbands. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analysis using Stata 14.0 were performed from 317 couples.ResultsMean age of respondents was 26.1 (SD ± 5.3) years. There was a significant difference in BPCR practice between women and couples for identification of the place of birth (84% vs. 75%), identification of a birth attendant (89% vs.72%), arranging transport for birth or emergencies (20% vs. 13%), and identification of a blood donor (15% vs. 8%). In multivariable analysis, odds of giving birth in presence of a skilled birth attendant consistently increased with higher completeness of preparedness (OR 3.3 for 3-5 BPCR components, OR 5.5 for 4-5 BPCR components, OR 10.4 for all 5 BPCR components). For different levels of completeness of BPCR practice, the adjusted odds ratios were higher for couple preparedness comparatively.ConclusionsBPCR is associated with birth in the presence of a skilled attendant and this effect is magnified when planning is carried out by the couple. Interventions aiming to increase BPCR practices should not focus on women only, as involving the couple is most likely lead to positive care-seeking practices.

Project description:Men's involvement in reproductive health is recommended. Their involvement in antenatal care service is identified as important in maternal health. Awareness of obstetric danger signs facilitates men in making a joint decision with their partners regarding accessing antenatal and delivery care. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge of obstetric complications among men in a rural community in Tanzania, and to determine their involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness.A cross-sectional survey was conducted where 756 recent fathers were invited through a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of danger signs and steps taken on birth preparedness and complication readiness. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with being prepared, with statistically significant level at p<0.05.Among the invited men, 95.9% agreed to participate in the community survey. Fifty-three percent could mention at least one danger sign during pregnancy, 43.9% during delivery and 34.6% during the postpartum period. Regarding birth preparedness and complication readiness, 54.3% had bought birth kit, 47.2% saved money, 10.2% identified transport, 0.8% identified skilled attendant. In general, only 12% of men were prepared. Birth preparedness was associated with knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.8-2.6). It was less likely for men living in the rural area to be prepared (AOR=0.6, 95% CI; 0.5-0.8).There was a low level of knowledge of obstetric danger signs among men in a rural district in Tanzania. A very small proportion of men had prepared for childbirth and complication readiness. There was no effect of knowledge of danger signs during childbirth and postpartum period on being prepared. Innovative strategies that increase awareness of danger signs as well as birth preparedness and complication readiness among men are required. Strengthening counseling during antenatal care services that involve men together with partners is recommended.

Project description:BackgroundBirth-preparedness and complication readiness is a comprehensive strategy aimed at promoting the timely utilization of skilled maternal and neonatal health care. Pregnancy-related complications both on the mother and the newborn could be largely alleviated if there is a well-consolidated birth preparedness and complication readiness plan developed during pregnancy and implemented at the time of delivery.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of birth preparedness and complication readiness practice (BPCR) and associated factors among pregnant women in North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in North Gondar Zone from March 2017 to February 2018. A multistage clustered sampling technique was used to enroll a total of 1620 participants. The data were collected by face to face interviews using pretested and semi-structured questionnaires at baseline and following delivery. The data were entered using EPI-data version 3.1 and analyzed using STATA version 14 software. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to assess factors with BPCR practice. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to determine the association between covariates and the outcome variable.ResultsFrom a total of 1620 pregnant women only 1523 (94.0%) mothers were followed at the end line. The prevalence of BPCR plan during pregnancy was 66.1% [95% CI: 63.8, 68.5] and the practice at the time of delivery was 73.5% [95% CI 71.3, 75.7]. Of the total respondents who mentioned having a BPCR plan, 76.4% practiced at the time of delivery. Frequency of ANC visits [AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.67, 2.32], larger number of family in the household [AOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.30], highest wealth asset [AOR = 1.87; 95%CI: 1.16, 3.01], Multigravidity [AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.62], husband involvement in decision making [AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.82], counseled on BPCR [AOR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.51, 3.68], were found to be significantly associated with BPCR practice.ConclusionBPCR practice at the time of delivery was higher than previous studies conducted in the country. However, BPCR practice was found to be lower than the standard that every woman should practice the plan at the time of delivery. Intersectoral collaborative interventions required to improve the economic status and living standard of families in the community as well as various awareness creation strategies should be implemented to support women to attend ANC follow-up visits.

Project description:ObjectivesEvery pregnancy can face risk. One of the World Health Organization recommendations for health promotion interventions for maternal and newborn health was to increase birth preparedness and complication readiness. The main objective of this recommendation was to increase the use of skilled care at birth and to increase the timely use of facility care for obstetric and newborn complications. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a dearth of documented evidence on the magnitude of birth preparedness and complication readiness and factors associated with it in our study area. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from 15 February to 15 March 2020. A total of 698 pregnant women were randomly selected and interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. A multivariate generalized linear regression with Poisson link was carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable.ResultOf the sampled 710 participants, 698 participated, which made a response rate of 98.3%. The mean score of practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness was 3.3 (standard deviation = 1.8). Mothers who used pre-pregnancy contraception methods (adjusted odds ratio = 1.22 (95% confidence interval = 1.09, 1.37)), used bare feet as a mode of transportation (adjusted odds ratio = 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.01, 1.21)), used more antenatal care content (adjusted odds ratio = 1.09 (95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.13)), and whose husbands were educated at the primary level of education (adjusted odds ratio = 1.19 (95% confidence interval = 1.03, 1.37)) were predictors in multivariable general.ConclusionThe mean score and overall practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness were low. This study revealed a low level of birth preparedness and complication readiness. In order to improve access to lifesaving care for women and neonates, there is a pressing need for implementation of existing strategies to increase practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness.

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Level and determinants of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women: A cross sectional study in a rural area in Bangladesh.

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