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Alignment of diet prescription to genotype does not promote greater weight loss success in women with obesity participating in an exercise and weight loss program.

ABSTRACT: Objective:Genetics contribute to variability in individual response to weight-loss interventions. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a commercially available exercise and weight-loss program and whether alignment of diet to genotype related to lipid metabolism promotes greater success. Design:Sedentary women with obesity (n = 63) had genotype (FABP2rs1799883, PPARG2rs1801282, ADRB3rs4994C3, ADRB2rs1042713, rs1042714) determined using a direct-to-consumer genetic screening kit purported to promote greater weight-loss success through dietary recommendations based on these genes. Participants were randomly assigned to follow a moderate carbohydrate (MC) or lower carbohydrate (LC) hypo-energetic diet that aligned (A) or did not align (NA) with genotype for 24 weeks while participating in a resistance training and walking program. Data were analysed by general linear model repeated measures adjusted for baseline variables and are presented as mean (95% confidence interval) changes from baseline. Results:Participants in the LC group experienced greater improvements (p = 0.051, ?p 2 = 0.025) in per cent changes in body composition (weight: MC -3.32 [-1.4, -5.2], LC -5.82 [-4.1, -7.6]; fat mass: MC -7.25 [-3.2, -11.2], LC -10.93 [-7.3, -14.5]; fat-free mass: MC -0.32 [1.4, -2.0], LC -1.48 [0.7, -3.0]; and body fat percentage: MC -4.19 [-1.6, -6.8], LC -5.60 [-3.3, -7.9] %). No significant differences were observed between genotype groups (weight: A -5.00 [-3.3, -6.7], NA -4.14 [-2.2, -6.1]; fat mass: A -10.15 [-7.0, -13.6], NA -8.02 [-4.0, -12.0]; fat-free mass: A -1.23 [0.3, -2.8], NA -0.56 [1.12, -2.3]; and body fat: A -5.28 [-3.0, -7.6], NA -4.51 [-1.9, -7.1] %). Conclusions:Adherence to this exercise and weight-loss program promoted improvements in body composition and health outcomes. While individuals following the LC diet experienced greater benefits, alignment of these diets to this genetic profile did not promote greater health outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Coletta AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6298313 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alignment of diet prescription to genotype does not promote greater weight loss success in women with obesity participating in an exercise and weight loss program.

Coletta A M AM Sanchez B B O'Connor A A Dalton R R Springer S S Koozehchian M S MS Murano P S PS Woodman C R CR Rasmussen C C Kreider R B RB

Obesity science & practice 20181126 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Genetics contribute to variability in individual response to weight-loss interventions. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a commercially available exercise and weight-loss program and whether alignment of diet to genotype related to lipid metabolism promotes greater success.<h4>Design</h4>Sedentary women with obesity (<i>n</i> = 63) had genotype (FABP2rs1799883, PPARG2rs1801282, ADRB3rs4994C3, ADRB2rs1042713, rs1042714) determined using a direct-to-co ...[more]

PMID: 30574349

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Project description:Introduction: Free-living movement (physical activity [PA] and sedentary behavior [SB]) and eating behaviors (energy intake [EI] and food choice) affect energy balance and therefore have the potential to influence weight loss (WL). This study explored whether free-living movement and/or eating behaviors measured early (week 3) in a 14-week WL programme or their change during the intervention are associated with WL in women. Methods: In the study, 80 women (M ± SD age: 42.0 ± 12.4 years) with overweight or obesity [body mass index (BMI): 34.08 ± 3.62 kg/m2] completed a 14 week WL program focused primarily on diet (commercial or self-led). Body mass (BM) was measured at baseline, and again during week 2 and 14 along with body composition. Free-living movement (SenseWear Armband) and eating behavior (weighed food diaries) were measured for 1 week during week 3 and 12. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined whether early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behavior were associated with WL. The differences in behavior between clinically significant weight losers (CWL; ≥5% WL) and non-clinically significant weight losers (NWL; ≤ 3% WL) were compared. Results: The energy density of food consumed [β = 0.45, p < 0.001] and vigorous PA [β = -0.30, p < 0.001] early in the intervention (regression model 1) and early-late change in light PA [β = -0.81 p < 0.001], moderate PA [β = -1.17 p < 0.001], vigorous PA [β = -0.49, p < 0.001], total energy expenditure (EE) [β = 1.84, p < 0.001], and energy density of food consumed [β = 0.27, p = 0.01] (regression model 2) significantly predicted percentage change in BM. Early in the intervention, CWL consumed less energy dense foods than NWL [p = 0.03]. CWL showed a small but significant increase in vigorous PA, whereas NWL showed a slight decrease in PA [p = 0.04]. Conclusion: Both early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behaviors during a 14 week WL program are predictors of WL. These findings demonstrate that specific behaviors that contribute to greater EE (e.g., vigorous PA) and lower EI (e.g., less energy-dense foods) are related to greater WL outcomes. Interventions targeting these behaviors can be expected to increase the effectiveness of WL programs.

Project description:More than one-third of adults in the United States are obese, with a higher prevalence among older adults. Obesity among older adults is a major cause of physical dysfunction, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart diseases. Many people who engage in lifestyle weight loss interventions fail to reach targeted goals for weight loss, and most will regain what was lost within 1-2 years following cessation of treatment. This variability in treatment efficacy suggests that there are important phenotypes predictive of success with intentional weight loss that could lead to tailored treatment regimen, an idea that is consistent with the concept of precision-based medicine. Although the identification of biochemical and metabolic phenotypes are one potential direction of research, neurobiological measures may prove useful as substantial behavioral change is necessary to achieve success in a lifestyle intervention. In the present study, we use dynamic brain networks from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to prospectively identify individuals most likely to succeed in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Brain imaging was performed in overweight or obese older adults (age: 65-79 years) who participated in an 18-month lifestyle weight loss intervention. Machine learning and functional brain networks were combined to produce multivariate prediction models. The prediction accuracy exceeded 95%, suggesting that there exists a consistent pattern of connectivity which correctly predicts success with weight loss at the individual level. Connectivity patterns that contributed to the prediction consisted of complex multivariate network components that substantially overlapped with known brain networks that are associated with behavior emergence, self-regulation, body awareness, and the sensory features of food. Future work on independent datasets and diverse populations is needed to corroborate our findings. Additionally, we believe that efforts can begin to examine whether these models have clinical utility in tailoring treatment.

Project description:Resistance training and maintenance of a higher protein diet have been recommended to help older individuals maintain muscle mass. This study examined whether adherence to a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition, markers of health, and/or functional capacity in older females in comparison to following a traditional higher carbohydrate diet or exercise training alone with no diet intervention. In total, 54 overweight and obese females (65.9 ± 4.7 years; 78.7 ± 11 kg, 30.5 ± 4.1 kg/m², 43.5 ± 3.6% fat) were randomly assigned to an exercise-only group (E), an exercise plus hypo-energetic higher carbohydrate (HC) diet, or a higher protein diet (HP) diet. Participants followed their respective diet plans and performed a supervised 30-min circuit-style resistance exercise program 3 d/wk. Participants were tested at 0, 10, and 14 weeks. Data were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear model (GLM) statistics as well as one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of changes from baseline with [95% confidence intervals]. Results revealed that after 14 weeks, participants in the HP group experienced significantly greater reductions in weight (E -1.3 ± 2.3, [-2.4, -0.2]; HC -3.0 ± 3.1 [-4.5, -1.5]; HP -4.8 ± 3.2, [-6.4, -3.1]%, p = 0.003), fat mass (E -2.7 ± 3.8, [-4.6, -0.9]; HC -5.9 ± 4.2 [-8.0, -3.9]; HP -10.2 ± 5.8 [-13.2, ⁻7.2%], p < 0.001), and body fat percentage (E -2.0 ± 3.5 [-3.7, -0.3]; HC -4.3 ± 3.2 [-5.9, -2.8]; HP -6.3 ± 3.5 [-8.1, -4.5] %, p = 0.002) with no significant reductions in fat-free mass or resting energy expenditure over time or among groups. Significant differences were observed in leptin (E -1.8 ± 34 [-18, 14]; HC 43.8 ± 55 [CI 16, 71]; HP -26.5 ± 70 [-63, -9.6] ng/mL, p = 0.001) and adiponectin (E 43.1 ± 76.2 [6.3, 79.8]; HC -27.9 ± 33.4 [-44.5, -11.3]; HP 52.3 ± 79 [11.9, 92.8] µg/mL, p = 0.001). All groups experienced significant improvements in muscular strength, muscular endurance, aerobic capacity, markers of balance and functional capacity, and several markers of health. These findings indicate that a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition compared to a higher carbohydrate diet in older females.

Project description:IntroductionObesity is a global concern in dogs with an increasing prevalence, and effective weight loss solutions are required that work in different geographical regions. The main objective was to conduct an international, multi-centre, weight loss trial to determine the efficacy of a dietary weight loss intervention in obese pet dogs.MethodsA 3-month prospective observational cohort study of weight loss in 926 overweight dogs was conducted at 340 veterinary practices in 27 countries. Commercially available dry or wet weight loss diets were used, with the initial energy allocation being 250-335 kJ/kg target body weight0.75/day (60-80 kcal/kg target body weight0.75/day) depending on sex and neuter status. The primary outcome measure was percentage weight loss; the main secondary outcomes were changes in activity, quality of life, and food-seeking behaviour, which were subjectively determined from owner descriptions.ResultsAt baseline, median (range) age was 74 (12 to 193) months and median body condition score was 8 (range 7-9). 896 of the 926 dogs (97%) lost weight, with mean weight loss being 11.4 ±5.84%. Sexually intact dogs lost more weight than neutered dogs (P = 0.001), whilst female dogs lost more weight than male dogs (P = 0.007), with the difference being more pronounced in North and South American dogs (median [Q1, Q3]: female: 11.5% [8.5%, 14.5%]; male: 9.1% [6.3%, 12.1%], P = 0.053) compared with those from Europe (female: 12.3% [8.9%, 14.9%]; male: 10.9% [8.6%, 15.4%]). Finally, subjective scores for activity (P<0.001) and quality of life (P<0.001) increased sequentially, whilst scores for food-seeking behaviour decreased sequentially (P<0.001) during the study.ConclusionThis is the largest international multi-centre weight loss study conducted to date in obese dogs. Most dogs lost a clinically significant amount of weight, although there were notable differences between dogs of different sex, neuter status and in different geographical locations.

Dataset Information

Alignment of diet prescription to genotype does not promote greater weight loss success in women with obesity participating in an exercise and weight loss program.

Publications

Alignment of diet prescription to genotype does not promote greater weight loss success in women with obesity participating in an exercise and weight loss program.

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