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Prevalence of HIV infection and uptake of HIV/AIDS services among fisherfolk in landing Islands of Lake Victoria, north western Tanzania.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:New HIV infections in Tanzania have been decreasing, however some populations remain at higher risk. Despite of that, evidence on the magnitude of HIV infection and the associated factors and HIV/AIDS services uptake among fisherfolk in Tanzania are inadequately explored. This study therefore aimed at determining prevalence of HIV infection and utilization of HIV/AIDS services among fishfolk in selected Islands of Lake Victoria for evidence-based interventions. METHODS:Cross-sectional study determining status of HIV infection among fisherfolk (n?=?456) and retrospective review of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) registry (n?=?1744) were done in Buchosa and Muleba districts. Structured questionnaire and HIV rapid test kits with the standard testing protocol were used as research tools. RESULTS:A total of 269 (58.9%) male and 187 (41.1%) female fisherfolk were recruited during the community survey. Prevalence of HIV infection was 14% in all surveyed landing sites with a site variation from as low as 7.2% to as high as 23.8%. Participants employed in fishing related employment had higher odds of being HIV infected (5.4 times) than those who practiced fishing and partly farming [OR?=?5.40; 95%CI 1.88-15.61; p?

SUBMITTER: Kapesa A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6299499 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence of HIV infection and uptake of HIV/AIDS services among fisherfolk in landing Islands of Lake Victoria, north western Tanzania.

Kapesa Anthony A Basinda Namanya N Nyanza Elias C EC Mushi Martha F MF Jahanpour Ola O Ngallaba Sospatro E SE

BMC health services research 20181218 1

<h4>Background</h4>New HIV infections in Tanzania have been decreasing, however some populations remain at higher risk. Despite of that, evidence on the magnitude of HIV infection and the associated factors and HIV/AIDS services uptake among fisherfolk in Tanzania are inadequately explored. This study therefore aimed at determining prevalence of HIV infection and utilization of HIV/AIDS services among fishfolk in selected Islands of Lake Victoria for evidence-based interventions.<h4>Methods</h4> ...[more]

PMID: 30563534

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Project description:BackgroundMalaria is the leading cause of global paediatric mortality in children below 5 years of age. The number of fatalities has reduced significantly due to an expansion of control interventions but the development of new technologies remains necessary in order to achieve elimination. Recent attention has been focused on the release of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes into natural vector populations as a mechanism of interrupting parasite transmission but despite successful in vivo laboratory studies, a detailed population genetic assessment, which must first precede any proposed field trial, has yet to be undertaken systematically. Here, the genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae populations in north-western Lake Victoria is explored to assess their suitability as candidates for a pilot field study release of GM mosquitoes.Methods478 Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were collected from six locations and a subset (N?=?96) was selected for restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). The resulting single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker set was analysed for effective size (Ne), connectivity and population structure (PCA, FST).Results5175 high-quality genome-wide SNPs were identified. A principal components analysis (PCA) of the collinear genomic regions illustrated that individuals clustered in concordance with geographic origin with some overlap between sites. Genetic differentiation between populations was varied with inter-island comparisons having the highest values (median FST 0.0480-0.0846). Ne estimates were generally small (124.2-1920.3).ConclusionsA reduced-representation SNP marker set for genome-wide An. gambiae genetic analysis in the north-western Lake Victoria basin is reported. Island populations demonstrated low to moderate genetic differentiation and greater structure suggesting some limitation to migration. Smaller estimates of Ne indicate that an introduced effector transgene will be more susceptible to genetic drift but to ensure that it is driven to fixation a robust gene drive mechanism will likely be needed. These findings, together with their favourable location and suitability for frequent monitoring, indicate that the Ssese Islands contain several candidate field locations, which merit further evaluation as potential GM mosquito pilot release sites.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) using praziquantel targeting primary school children is the main control strategy against schistosomiasis in Tanzania. However, there are concerns about decreasing participation in mass drug administration among primary school children for unknown reasons. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors related to relevant knowledge about schistosomiasis and the intention to participate in mass drug administration among primary school children in order to give recommendations for future projects. METHODS:A cross sectional, extended knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted among 356 primary school children aged 5-17?years in February-March 2016 using a pre-tested questionnaire. This survey was part of a baseline assessment for an integrated proof of concept study aiming towards schistosomiasis elimination on Ijinga Island. Outcomes of interest in logistic regression analysis were relevant knowledge and high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic information sources and elements aligned to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). RESULTS:Only 17% of the children had relevant intestinal schistosomiasis related knowledge and very few of them knew any of the S. mansoni manifestations and complications. Factors associated with relevant schistosomiasis knowledge were previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis (aOR?=?2.43, 95%CI: 1.1-5.6), having heard about schistosomiasis at school (aOR?=?9.94, 95%CI: 5.0-19.7) and being enrolled in 6th or 7th grade (aOR?=?3.94, 95%CI: 1.3-11.8). Only 40% of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Factors associated with high intention to participate in MDA were previous diagnosis (aOR?=?2.23, 95%CI: 1.1-4.7), perceived general risk of disease transmission by lake water (aOR?=?1.79, 95%CI: 1.0-3.1), perceived own vulnerability of getting infected (aOR?=?5.10, 95%CI: 2.1-12.6), perceived danger of the disease (aOR?=?2.47, 95%CI: 1.3-4.8) and the perceived effectiveness of medicaments to cure the disease (aOR?=?2.86, 95%CI: 1.4-5.7). CONCLUSIONS:The minority of the school children had high level of theoretical knowledge about schistosomiasis and a small proportion of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in mass drug administration. In general, practical knowledge on preventive measures such as taking anti-schistosomiasis drug during MDA need to be impacted in school children to increase their participation in the control program.

Project description:BACKGROUND: HIV is a major public health problem in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. It often leads to loss of productive labour and disruption of existing social support system which results in deterioration of population health. This poses a great challenge to infected people in meeting their essential goods and services. This paper examines health and social support services provided by employers to HIV/AIDS infected employees in Tanzania. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, which employed qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection and analysis. Structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to assess the health and social support services provision at employers and employees perspectives. The study participants were employees and employers from public and private organizations. RESULTS: A total of 181 employees and 23 employers from 23 workplaces aged between 18-68 years were involved. The results show that 23.8% (i.e., 20.4% males and 27.3% females) of the employees had at least one member of the family or close relatives living with HIV at the time of the study. Fifty six percent of the infected employees reported to have been receiving health or social support from their employers. Employees' responses were consistent with those reported by their employers. A total of 12(52.2%) and 11(47.8%) employers reported to have been providing health and social supports respectively. Female employees (58.3%) from the private sector (60.0%) were more likely to receive supports than male employees (52.6%) and than those from the public sector (46.2%). The most common health and social support received by the employees were treatment, and nutritional support and reduction of workload, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HIV/AIDS infected employees named treatment and nutritional support, and soft loans and reduced workload respectively, as the most important health and social supports they needed from their employers. This study provides baseline information for further studies on provision of health and social support services by employers to HIV/AIDS infected employees in the context of a developing economy like Tanzania.

Project description:BackgroundAnimal studies have demonstrated that functional immune responses, as determined by the levels of CD4(+) cell counts and anti-schistosome antibodies responses, determine the efficacy of praziquantel. Based on this evidence, it has been hypothesised that the immunodeficiency effects of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection may affect the efficacy of praziquantel in co-infected human hosts. Thus, the present study assessed the efficacy of praziquantel by comparing parasitological cure rates and the reduction in infection intensity in HIV-1 seronegative individuals infected with S. mansoni and HIV-1 seropositive individuals co-infected with S. mansoni, following treatment with a single oral dose of praziquantel.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study which included, at baseline, 555 S. mansoni infected adults aged 21-55 years, who were either co-infected or not with HIV-1 and who lived in fishing villages along Lake Victoria in Northwest Tanzania. These individuals were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) and, at 12 weeks, single stool samples were obtained and examined for S. mansoni eggs using the Kato-Katz technique. Finger prick and venous blood samples were collected for HIV-1 screening and CD4(+) cell quantification.ResultsThe parasitological cure rate did not differ significantly from the HIV-1 serostatus (P = 0.12): among the co-infected individuals, the cure rate was 48.3% (14/29), and among the individuals infected only with S. mansoni, the cure rate was 62.6% (329/526). The egg reduction rate did not vary with the HIV-1 serostatus (P = 0.22): 77.22% for HIV-1 seronegative and 75% for HIV-1 seropositive individuals. The level of CD4(+) cell counts (median 228 cells/?L: range 202-380 cells) did not influence the cure rate (P = 0.23) or the reduction in the intensity of the infection (P = 0.37).ConclusionThe HIV-1 infection per se or its moderate immunodeficiency effects, demonstrated by the range of CD4(+) cell counts observed in co-infected individuals, did not affect praziquantel efficacy, as measured by the parasitological cure rate and the reduction in intensity of infection in the present study cohort.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of HIV infection and uptake of HIV/AIDS services among fisherfolk in landing Islands of Lake Victoria, north western Tanzania.

Publications

Prevalence of HIV infection and uptake of HIV/AIDS services among fisherfolk in landing Islands of Lake Victoria, north western Tanzania.

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