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Comparative physiological responses and transcriptome analysis reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in regulating growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Melatonin and serotonin are well-known signaling molecules that mediate multiple physiological activities in plants, including stress defense, growth, development, and morphogenesis, but their underlying mechanisms have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the roles of melatonin and serotonin in modulating plant growth and defense by integrating physiological and transcriptome analyses in Arabidopsis. RESULTS:Moderate concentrations of melatonin and serotonin did not affect primary root (PR) growth but markedly induced lateral root (LR) formation. Both melatonin and serotonin locally induced the expression of the cell-wall-remodeling-related genes LBD16 and XTR6, thereby inducing LR development. Our data support the idea that melatonin and serotonin lack any auxin-like activity. Treatment with 50??M serotonin significantly improved PSII activity, and the transcriptome data supported this result. Melatonin and serotonin slightly affected glycolysis and the TCA cycle; however, they markedly regulated the catabolism of several key amino acids, thereby affecting carbon metabolism and energy metabolism. Melatonin and serotonin improved iron (Fe) deficiency tolerance by inducing Fe-responsive gene expression. CONCLUSIONS:Overall, our results from the physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in modulating plant growth and stress responses and provide insight into novel crop production strategies using these two phytoneurotransmitters.

SUBMITTER: Wan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6299670 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative physiological responses and transcriptome analysis reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in regulating growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis.

Wan Jinpeng J Zhang Ping P Wang Ruling R Sun Liangliang L Ju Qiong Q Xu Jin J

BMC plant biology 20181218 1

<h4>Background</h4>Melatonin and serotonin are well-known signaling molecules that mediate multiple physiological activities in plants, including stress defense, growth, development, and morphogenesis, but their underlying mechanisms have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the roles of melatonin and serotonin in modulating plant growth and defense by integrating physiological and transcriptome analyses in Arabidopsis.<h4>Results</h4>Moderate concentrations of mela ...[more]

PMID: 30563469

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Project description:As a high-quality legume forage, alfalfa is restricted by various abiotic stresses during its growth and development. Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule that involves in plant defense against multiple stresses. However, little is known about its downstream signaling pathway and regulatory mechanisms in salt stress of alfalfa. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and key regulatory pathways of melatonin on alfalfa under salt tolerance. The results showed that melatonin promoted the growth of alfalfa seedlings under salt stress, as demonstrated by higher plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight. Melatonin treatment resulted in an increase in the photosynthetic capacity and starch content of alfalfa. Moreover, melatonin decreased cell membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by enhancing antioxidant defense activity under salt stress conditions. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that melatonin mainly induced the transcription of genes involved in Ca2+ signaling (cyclic nucleotide gated channel, CNGCs; cam modulin/calmodulin-like protein, CAM/CMLs and calcium-dependent protein kinase, CDPKs), starch and sucrose metabolism (α-amylase, AMYs; β-amylase, BAMs; starch synthase, SSs and sucrose synthase, SUSs), plant hormone signal transduction (auxin/indole acetic acid protein, AUX/IAAs; ABA receptor, PYL4; protein phosphatase 2C, PP2Cs; scarecrow-like protein, SCLs and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1B, ERF1B), and key transcription factors (C3Hs, MYBs, ERFs, and WRKYs). Specifically, we focused on starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. The interactions between melatonin and other phytohormones occurred via regulation of the expression of genes involved in hormone signaling pathways. In addition, melatonin increased the contents of endogenous melatonin, auxin, gibberellic acid (GA3), salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, while decreasing the abscisic acid content under salt stress. In summary, this study established a regulatory network for melatonin-induced key signaling pathways and functional genes under salt stress and provided a theoretical basis for salt tolerance breeding in alfalfa.

Project description:BackgroundMelatonin, a multifunctional signal molecule, has been reported to play crucial roles in growth and development and stress responses in various plant species. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a food crop with extremely high values of nutrition and healthcare. Recent reports have revealed the protective role of melatonin in alleviating salt stress. However, little is known about its regulatory mechanisms in response to salt stress in okra.ResultsIn this study, we explored whether exogenous melatonin pretreatment could alleviate salt stress (300 mM NaCl) of okra plants. Results showed that exogenous application of melatonin (50 μM) significantly enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress, as demonstrated by the plant resistant phenotype, as well as by the higher levels of the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content in comparison with nontreated salt-stressed plants. Additionally, melatonin pretreatment remarkably decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content and scavenged O2•- in melatonin-pretreated plants, which may be attributed to the higher levels of enzyme activities including POD and GR. Moreover, a combination of third- (PacBio) and second-generation (Illumina) sequencing technologies was applied to sequence full-length transcriptomes of okra. A total of 121,360 unigenes was obtained, and the size of transcript lengths ranged from 500 to 6000 bp. Illumina RNA-seq analysis showed that: Comparing with control, 1776, 1063 and 1074 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified from the three treatments (NaCl, MT50 and MT + NaCl, respectively). These genes were enriched in more than 10 GO terms and 34 KEGG pathways. Nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched in all three treatments. Many transcription factors including MYB, WRKY, NAC etc., were also identified as DEGs.ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggested that melatonin pretreatment enhanced salt tolerance of okra plants for the first time. These data provide the first set of full-length isoforms in okra and more comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanism of melatonin responses to salt stress.

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Comparative physiological responses and transcriptome analysis reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in regulating growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis.

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Comparative physiological responses and transcriptome analysis reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in regulating growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis.

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