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Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance.

ABSTRACT: Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.

SUBMITTER: Chacon-Duque JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6300600 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance.

Chacón-Duque Juan-Camilo JC Adhikari Kaustubh K Fuentes-Guajardo Macarena M Mendoza-Revilla Javier J Acuña-Alonzo Victor V Barquera Rodrigo R Quinto-Sánchez Mirsha M Gómez-Valdés Jorge J Everardo Martínez Paola P Villamil-Ramírez Hugo H Hünemeier Tábita T Ramallo Virginia V Silva de Cerqueira Caio C CC Hurtado Malena M Villegas Valeria V Granja Vanessa V Villena Mercedes M Vásquez René R Llop Elena E Sandoval José R JR Salazar-Granara Alberto A AA Parolin Maria-Laura ML Sandoval Karla K Peñaloza-Espinosa Rosenda I RI Rangel-Villalobos Hector H Winkler Cheryl A CA Klitz William W Bravi Claudio C Molina Julio J Corach Daniel D Barrantes Ramiro R Gomes Verónica V Resende Carlos C Gusmão Leonor L Amorim Antonio A Xue Yali Y Dugoujon Jean-Michel JM Moral Pedro P González-José Rolando R Schuler-Faccini Lavinia L Salzano Francisco M FM Bortolini Maria-Cátira MC Canizales-Quinteros Samuel S Poletti Giovanni G Gallo Carla C Bedoya Gabriel G Rothhammer Francisco F Balding David D Hellenthal Garrett G Ruiz-Linares Andrés A

Nature communications 20181219 1

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structur ...[more]

PMID: 30568240

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Project description:The origins of the First Americans remain contentious. Although Native Americans seem to be genetically most closely related to east Asians, there is no consensus with regard to which specific Old World populations they are closest to. Here we sequence the draft genome of an approximately 24,000-year-old individual (MA-1), from Mal'ta in south-central Siberia, to an average depth of 1×. To our knowledge this is the oldest anatomically modern human genome reported to date. The MA-1 mitochondrial genome belongs to haplogroup U, which has also been found at high frequency among Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers, and the Y chromosome of MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages. Similarly, we find autosomal evidence that MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and genetically closely related to modern-day Native Americans, with no close affinity to east Asians. This suggests that populations related to contemporary western Eurasians had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought. Furthermore, we estimate that 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population. This is likely to have occurred after the divergence of Native American ancestors from east Asian ancestors, but before the diversification of Native American populations in the New World. Gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors could explain why several crania from the First Americans have been reported as bearing morphological characteristics that do not resemble those of east Asians. Sequencing of another south-central Siberian, Afontova Gora-2 dating to approximately 17,000 years ago, revealed similar autosomal genetic signatures as MA-1, suggesting that the region was continuously occupied by humans throughout the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings reveal that western Eurasian genetic signatures in modern-day Native Americans derive not only from post-Columbian admixture, as commonly thought, but also from a mixed ancestry of the First Americans.

Dataset Information

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance.

Publications

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance.

Similar Datasets

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