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Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; A meta-analysis of observational studies.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:There is increasing evidence that plant based diets are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effects of a vegan compared to an omnivorous diet on cardio-metabolic risk factors. METHODS:Meta-analysis of observational studies published between 1960 and June 2018 that reported one or more cardio-metabolic risk factors in vegans and controls eating an omnivorous diet were undertaken. Macro-nutrient intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors were compared by dietary pattern. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of each study. The inverse-variance method was used to pool mean differences. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan software version 5•2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen. RESULTS:40 studies with 12 619 vegans and 179 630 omnivores were included. From food frequency questionnaires in 28 studies, vegans compared to omnivores consumed less energy (-11%, 95% confidence interval -14 to -8) and less saturated fat (- 51%, CI -57 to -45). Compared to controls vegans had a lower body mass index (-1.72 kg/m2, CI -2.30 to -1.16), waist circumference (-2.35 cm, CI -3.93 to -0.76), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.49 mmol/L CI -0.62 to -0.36), triglycerides (-0.14 mmol/L, CI -0.24 to -0.05), fasting blood glucose (-0.23 mmol/, CI -0.35 to -0.10), and systolic (-2.56 mmHg, CI -4.66 to -0.45) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.33 mmHg, CI -2.67 to -0.02), p<0.0001 for all. Results were consistent for studies with < and ? 50 vegans, and published before and after 2010. However in several large studies from Taiwan a vegan diet was not associated with favourable cardio-metabolic risk factors compared to the control diets. CONCLUSION:In most countries a vegan diet is associated with a more favourable cardio- metabolic profile compared to an omnivorous diet.

SUBMITTER: Benatar JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6301673 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Benatar Jocelyne R JR Stewart Ralph A H RAH

PloS one 20181220 12

<h4>Background</h4>There is increasing evidence that plant based diets are associated with lower cardiovascular risk.<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate effects of a vegan compared to an omnivorous diet on cardio-metabolic risk factors.<h4>Methods</h4>Meta-analysis of observational studies published between 1960 and June 2018 that reported one or more cardio-metabolic risk factors in vegans and controls eating an omnivorous diet were undertaken. Macro-nutrient intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors ...[more]

PMID: 30571724

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Project description:Context: The association of dietary inflammatory index (DII®), as an index of inflammatory quality of diet, with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and risk factors (CMRFs) has been inconsistent in previous studies.Objective: The current systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of the DII score with CMDs and CMRFs.Data sources: All published observational studies (cohort, case-control and cross-sectional) using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved from inception through November 2019.Data extraction: Two reviewers independently extracted the data from included studies.Data analysis: Pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) were calculated by using a random-effects model.Results: Ten prospective cohort studies (total n?=?291,968) with 31,069 CMDs-specific mortality, six prospective cohort studies (total n?=?43,340) with 1311 CMDs-specific morbidity, two case-control studies with 2140 cases and 6246 controls and one cross-sectional study (total n?=?15,613) with 1734 CMDs-specific morbidity were identified for CMDs. Meta-analyses of published observational studies demonstrated that the highest DII score category versus the lowest DII score category was associated with 29% increased risk of CMDs mortality (HR?=?1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 1.41). Moreover, there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs in cohort studies (HR?=?1.35; 95% CI 1.13, 1.61) and non-cohort study (HR?=?1.36; 95% CI 1.18, 1.57). We found a significant association between the DII score and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.03, 1.25), hyperglycemia and hypertension. None-linear dose response meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs mortality (Pnonlinearity?<?0.001). Moreover, evidence of none-linear association between the DII score and risk of CMDs was not observed (p-value?=?0.1).Conclusions: Adherence to pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risk of CMDs, mortality and MetS.

Project description:Leptospirosis is probably the most widespread zoonotic disease in the world especially in tropical countries. There has been an increase in individual studies, which assessed the frequency of leptospirosis in flood conditions. Some studies showed contact with floods was significantly associated with the occurrence of leptospirosis while other studies reported differently. The objective of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence on the risk factors which are associated with human leptospirosis following flooding. We set up the inclusion criteria and searched for the original studies, addressing leptospirosis in human with related to flood in health-related electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline, google scholar and Scopus sources. We used the terms 'leptospirosis', 'flood', 'risk factor' and terms from the categories were connected with "OR" within each category and by "AND" between categories. The initial search yielded 557 citations. After the title and abstract screening, 49 full-text papers were reviewed and a final of 18 observational studies met the pre-specified inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled estimates of 14 studies showed that the contact with flooding was a significant factor for the occurrence of leptospirosis (pooled OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.48-3.24, I2:86%). On stratification, the strength of association was greater in the case-control studies (pooled OR: 4.01, 95%CI: 1.26-12.72, I2:82%) than other designs (pooled OR:1.77,95%CI:1.18-2.65, I2:87%). Three factors such as 'being male'(pooled OR:2.06, 95%CI:1.29-2.83), the exposure to livestock animals (pooled OR: 1.95, 95%CI:1.26-2.64), the lacerated wound (pooled OR:4.35, 95%CI:3.07-5.64) were the risk factors significantly associated with the incidence of leptospirosis following flooding in the absence of within-study heterogeneity (I2: 0%). We acknowledge study limitations such as publication bias and type 2 statistical errors. We recommended flood control and other environmental modifications that are expected to reduce the risk of leptospiral infection, and a multi-sectoral effort to this aspect would have long-term benefits.

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Dataset Information

Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Publications

Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; A meta-analysis of observational studies.

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