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Data on metabolic profiling of healthy human subjects' plasma before and after administration of the Japanese Kampo medicine maoto.

ABSTRACT: This data article contains the data on metabolic profiling of healthy human subjects' plasma before and after administration of the Japanese Kampo medicine maoto. Four healthy human subjects were recruited. Plasma samples were collected before and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8?h after maoto treatment. Endogenous and exogenous compounds in plasma were analyzed using MS. Endogenous compounds including saccharides, amino acids, organic acids and other hydrophilic metabolites were semi-quantitatively measured using GC-MS/MS. Lipid mediators such as arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were semi-quantitatively measured using LC-MS/MS. Maoto constituents in plasma were quantitatively measured using LC-MS/MS. The data files contain the area ratio values, which were normalized to the intensity of the internal standard, and plasma concentration of maoto compounds. The data article is related to the research article titled "Phenotyping analysis of the Japanese Kampo medicine maoto in healthy human subjects using wide-targeted plasma metabolomics" (Kitagawa et al., 2018).

SUBMITTER: Kitagawa H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6307690 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Data on metabolic profiling of healthy human subjects' plasma before and after administration of the Japanese Kampo medicine maoto.

Kitagawa Hiroyuki H Ohbuchi Katsuya K Munekage Masaya M Fujisawa Kazune K Kawanishi Yasuhiro Y Namikawa Tsutomu T Kushida Hirotaka H Matsumoto Takashi T Shimobori Chika C Nishi Akinori A Sadakane Chiharu C Watanabe Junko J Yamamoto Masahiro M Hanazaki Kazuhiro K

Data in brief 20181203

This data article contains the data on metabolic profiling of healthy human subjects' plasma before and after administration of the Japanese Kampo medicine maoto. Four healthy human subjects were recruited. Plasma samples were collected before and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after maoto treatment. Endogenous and exogenous compounds in plasma were analyzed using MS. Endogenous compounds including saccharides, amino acids, organic acids and other hydrophilic metabolites were semi-quantitatively mea ...[more]

PMID: 30596132

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Project description:BackgroundInfluenza is a common viral infection worldwide. Maoto (ma-huang-tang) was developed in ancient China and is used to alleviate flu symptoms. Currently, no meta-analyses have evaluated the efficacy and safety of maoto for alleviating flu symptoms.MethodsIn the present study, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, a Japanese database (Ichushi), two Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP), and two Korean databases (Korean Medical database and Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors) for studies published in or before October 2017. Clinical studies that compared maoto plus neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) vs. NAIs alone, or maoto alone vs. NAIs alone, were included in the present analysis. The primary outcome measure (efficacy) was the length of time from the start of medication to resolution of influenza symptoms (fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, and chills) and virus isolation. The secondary outcome measures (safety) were as follows: (1) side effects and adverse reactions, such as nausea, abnormal behaviour, or discontinuation of symptomatic treatment; (2) morbidity (complications caused by influenza infection) or mortality; and (3) hospitalisation for any reason.ResultsTwelve relevant studies were identified, including two randomised controlled trials (RCTs, N = 60) and ten non-randomised studies (NRSs, N = 1110). We found that maoto plus NAIs was superior to NAIs alone in terms of the duration of fever in one RCT (P < 0.05, median difference = - 6 h) and four NRSs (P = 0.003, weighted mean difference = - 5.34 h). The duration of symptoms or virus isolation did not differ between maoto and NAIs. No severe side effects or adverse reactions were reported related to maoto or NAIs.ConclusionsAlthough we could not reach a definitive conclusion because of the small sample sizes and high risk of bias in the analysed studies, maoto may lower the duration of fever when it is used alone or in combination with NAIs and may be a well-tolerated treatment. More RCTs are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of maoto.

Project description:BackgroundThere have been a few but not precise surveys of the current status of traditional Japanese Kampo education at medical schools in Japan. Our aim was to identify problems and suggest solutions for a standardized Kampo educational model for all medical schools throughout Japan.MethodsWe surveyed all 80 medical schools in Japan regarding eight items related to teaching or studying Kampo medicine: (1) the number of class meetings, target school year(s), and type of classes; (2) presence or absence of full-time instructors; (3) curricula contents; (4) textbooks in use; (5) desire for standardized textbooks; (6) faculty development programmes; (7) course contents; and (8) problems to be solved to promote Kampo education. We conducted descriptive analyses without statistics.ResultsEighty questionnaires were collected (100%). (1) There were 0 to 25 Kampo class meetings during the 6 years of medical school. At least one Kampo class was conducted at 98% of the schools, ≥4 at 84%, ≥8 at 44%, and ≥16 at 5%. Distribution of classes was 19% and 57% for third- and fourth-year students, respectively. (2) Only 29% of schools employed full-time Kampo medicine instructors. (3) Medicine was taught on the basis of traditional Japanese Kampo medicine by 81% of the schools, Chinese medicine by 19%, and Western medicine by 20%. (4) Textbooks were used by 24%. (5) Seventy-four percent considered using standardized textbooks. (6) Thirty-three percent provided faculty development programmes. (7) Regarding course contents, "characteristics" was selected by 94%, "basic concepts" by 84%, and evidence-based medicine by 64%. (8) Among the problems to be solved promptly, curriculum standardization was selected by 63%, preparation of simple textbooks by 51%, and fostering instructors responsible for Kampo education by 65%.ConclusionsJapanese medical schools only offer students a short time to study Kampo medicine, and the impetus to include Kampo medicine in their curricula varies among schools. Future Kampo education at medical schools requires solving several problems, including curriculum standardization.

Project description:Peripheral insulin acts on the brain to regulate metabolic functions, in particular decreasing food intake and body weight. This concept has been supported by studies in humans relying on the intranasal route of administration, a method that permits the direct permeation of insulin into the CNS without substantial absorption into the blood stream. We investigated if intranasal insulin administration before nocturnal sleep, a period of reduced metabolic activity and largely absent external stimulation, affects food intake and energy turnover on the subsequent morning. Healthy participants who were either young (16 men and 16 women; mean age ± SEM, 23.68 ± 0.40 years, mean BMI ± SEM, 22.83 ± 0.33 kg/m2) or elderly (10 men, 9 women; 70.79 ± 0.81 years, 25.27 ± 0.60 kg/m2) were intranasally administered intranasal insulin (160 IU) or placebo before a night of regular sleep that was polysomnographically recorded. Blood was repeatedly sampled for the determination of circulating glucose, insulin, leptin and total ghrelin. In the morning, energy expenditure was assessed via indirect calorimetry and subjects were offered a large standardized breakfast buffet from which they could eat ad libitum. Insulin compared to placebo reduced breakfast size by around 110 kcal (1,054.43 ± 50.91 vs. 1,162.36 ± 64.69 kcal, p = 0.0095), in particular decreasing carbohydrate intake (502.70 ± 25.97 vs. 589.82 ± 35.03 kcal, p = 0.0080). This effect was not dependent on sex or age (all p > 0.11). Sleep architecture, blood glucose and hormonal parameters as well as energy expenditure were not or only marginally affected. Results show that intranasal insulin administered to healthy young and elderly humans before sleep exerts a delayed inhibitory effect on energy intake that is not compensated for by changes in energy expenditure. While the exact underlying mechanisms cannot be derived from our data, findings indicate a long-lasting catabolic effect of central nervous insulin delivery that extends across sleep and might be of particular relevance for potential therapeutic applications.

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Data on metabolic profiling of healthy human subjects' plasma before and after administration of the Japanese Kampo medicine maoto.

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Data on metabolic profiling of healthy human subjects' plasma before and after administration of the Japanese Kampo medicine maoto.

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