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Physical activity and weight gain after smoking cessation in postmenopausal women.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Weight gain frequently occurs after smoking cessation. The objective of this study was to examine whether weight gain after smoking cessation was attenuated by physical activity (PA) in postmenopausal women. METHODS:A total of 4,717 baseline smokers from the Women's Health Initiative were followed for 3 years. One thousand two hundred eighty-two women quit smoking, and 3,435 continued smoking. Weight was measured at baseline and at the year 3 visit. PA was assessed at both times by self-report, summarized as metabolic equivalent task-hours per week. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association between PA and postcessation weight gain, adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS:Compared with continuing smokers, quitters gained an average of 3.5?kg (SD?=?5.6) between the baseline and year 3 visit. Quitters with decreased PA had the highest amount of weight gain (3.88?kg, 95% CI: 3.22-4.54); quitters with increased PA (?15 metabolic equivalent task-hours /week) had the lowest weight gain (2.55?kg, 95% CI: 1.59-3.52). Increased PA had a stronger beneficial association for postcessation weight gain for women with obesity compared to normal weight women. Quitters who had low PA at baseline and high PA at year 3 and were also enrolled in a dietary modification intervention had nonsignificant weight gain (1.88?kg, 95% CI: -0.21-3.96) compared with continuing smokers. CONCLUSIONS:Our data demonstrate that even a modest increase in PA (equivalent to current recommendations) can attenuate weight gain after quitting smoking among postmenopausal women, especially in combination with improved diet.

SUBMITTER: Luo J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6309933 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical activity and weight gain after smoking cessation in postmenopausal women.

Luo Juhua J Manson JoAnn E JE Hendryx Michael M Shadyab Aladdin H AH Johnson Karen C KC Dinh Paul C PC Going Scott B SB Chlebowski Rowan R Stefanick Marcia L ML Margolis Karen L KL

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20190101 1

<h4>Objective</h4>Weight gain frequently occurs after smoking cessation. The objective of this study was to examine whether weight gain after smoking cessation was attenuated by physical activity (PA) in postmenopausal women.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 4,717 baseline smokers from the Women's Health Initiative were followed for 3 years. One thousand two hundred eighty-two women quit smoking, and 3,435 continued smoking. Weight was measured at baseline and at the year 3 visit. PA was assessed at bo ...[more]

PMID: 29994975

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Project description:BackgroundPostmenopausal smokers have difficulty quitting smoking and experience considerable weight gain with smoking cessation. We examined whether adjunctive smoking treatment with exercise, compared to a relaxation control condition, could improve cigarette abstinence, decrease cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), and ameliorate changes in body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal smokers.MethodsWomen (N = 301) signed informed consent and were randomized to treatment at two sites (Universities of Connecticut and Minnesota). We randomized groups of participants to a comprehensive group treatment program that included 12 weeks of varenicline and either a moderate exercise or relaxation component for 6 months. Participants were followed for a year after medication treatment.ResultsOverall, 17.3% of patients reported carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence for the 9- to 12-week period, and 11.6% reported prolonged abstinence at 1 year, with no significant differences between treatment conditions. CPD reported at study visits showed significant main effects for time in weeks, for site, and for treatment. The Exercise condition reported smoking fewer CPD over time, and that advantage widened over time. In terms of BMI, significant effects for time in weeks, and for the interaction of Week × Treatment condition, reflected gradually increasing BMI in these women over time, but with the increase in BMI slower in the Exercise condition.ConclusionsExercise, compared to relaxation, was associated with a reduced BMI and CPD in postmenopausal women, but did not increase end of treatment or prolonged abstinence. Further research is needed to devise exercise programs that increase smoking cessation rates in postmenopausal women.ImplicationsThis study adds to the literature on the effectiveness of a moderate exercise intervention compared to a relaxation control condition as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation in postmenopausal women. Our exercise program did not increase end of treatment or prolonged abstinence rates in postmenopausal women; however, there was a beneficial effect on smoking reduction and reduced body mass index. Additional research is needed to devise exercise programs that increase smoking cessation rates in postmenopausal women.

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Physical activity and weight gain after smoking cessation in postmenopausal women.

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Physical activity and weight gain after smoking cessation in postmenopausal women.

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