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Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines.

ABSTRACT: Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.

SUBMITTER: O'Hanlon SJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6311102 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines.

O'Hanlon Simon J SJ Rieux Adrien A Farrer Rhys A RA Rosa Gonçalo M GM Waldman Bruce B Bataille Arnaud A Kosch Tiffany A TA Murray Kris A KA Brankovics Balázs B Fumagalli Matteo M Martin Michael D MD Wales Nathan N Alvarado-Rybak Mario M Bates Kieran A KA Berger Lee L Böll Susanne S Brookes Lola L Clare Frances F Courtois Elodie A EA Cunningham Andrew A AA Doherty-Bone Thomas M TM Ghosh Pria P Gower David J DJ Hintz William E WE Höglund Jacob J Jenkinson Thomas S TS Lin Chun-Fu CF Laurila Anssi A Loyau Adeline A Martel An A Meurling Sara S Miaud Claude C Minting Pete P Pasmans Frank F Schmeller Dirk S DS Schmidt Benedikt R BR Shelton Jennifer M G JMG Skerratt Lee F LF Smith Freya F Soto-Azat Claudio C Spagnoletti Matteo M Tessa Giulia G Toledo Luís Felipe LF Valenzuela-Sánchez Andrés A Verster Ruhan R Vörös Judit J Webb Rebecca J RJ Wierzbicki Claudia C Wombwell Emma E Zamudio Kelly R KR Aanensen David M DM James Timothy Y TY Gilbert M Thomas P MTP Weldon Ché C Bosch Jaime J Balloux François F Garner Trenton W J TWJ Fisher Matthew C MC

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20180501 6389

Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population th ...[more]

PMID: 29748278

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Project description:The rapid worldwide emergence of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is having a profound negative impact on biodiversity. However, global research efforts are fragmented and an overarching synthesis of global infection data is lacking. Here, we provide results from a community tool for the compilation of worldwide Bd presence and report on the analyses of data collated over a four-year period. Using this online database, we analysed: 1) spatial and taxonomic patterns of infection, including amphibian families that appear over- and under-infected; 2) relationships between Bd occurrence and declining amphibian species, including associations among Bd occurrence, species richness, and enigmatic population declines; and 3) patterns of environmental correlates with Bd, including climate metrics for all species combined and three families (Hylidae, Bufonidae, Ranidae) separately, at both a global scale and regional (U.S.A.) scale. These associations provide new insights for downscaled hypothesis testing. The pathogen has been detected in 52 of 82 countries in which sampling was reported, and it has been detected in 516 of 1240 (42%) amphibian species. We show that detected Bd infections are related to amphibian biodiversity and locations experiencing rapid enigmatic declines, supporting the hypothesis that greater complexity of amphibian communities increases the likelihood of emergence of infection and transmission of Bd. Using a global model including all sampled species, the odds of Bd detection decreased with increasing temperature range at a site. Further consideration of temperature range, rather than maximum or minimum temperatures, may provide new insights into Bd-host ecology. Whereas caution is necessary when interpreting such a broad global dataset, the use of our pathogen database is helping to inform studies of the epidemiology of Bd, as well as enabling regional, national, and international prioritization of conservation efforts. We provide recommendations for adaptive management to enhance the database utility and relevance.

Dataset Information

Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines.

Publications

Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines.

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