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Specific recruitment of soil bacteria and fungi decomposers following a biostimulant application increased crop residues mineralization.

ABSTRACT: Agriculture is undergoing important changes in order to meet sustainable soil management with respect to biodiversity (namely agroecology). Within this context, alternative solutions to mineral fertilizers such as agricultural biostimulants are thus promoted and being developed. The mechanisms by which some soil biostimulants sustain soil biological functioning and indirectly increase crop yields are still unknown. Our goal in the present study was to demonstrate if and to what extent the application of a soil biostimulant affects the soil heterotrophic microbial communities that are involved in organic matter decomposition and carbon mineralization. We hypothesized that the addition of a biostimulant results in changes in the composition and in the biomass of soil microbial communities. This in turn increases the mineralization of the organic matter derived from crop residues. We performed soil microcosm experiments with the addition of crop residues and a biostimulant, and we monitored the organic carbon (orgC) mineralization and the microbial biomass, along with the microbial community composition by sequencing 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons. The addition of a soil biostimulant caused a pH neutralizing effect and simultaneous enhancement of the orgC mineralization of crop residues (+ 400 ?g orgC g-1 dry soil) and microbial biomass (+ 60 ?g orgC g-1 dry soil) that were linked to changes in the soil microbial communities. Our findings suggest that the soil carbon mineralization enhancement in the presence of the biostimulant was supported by the specific recruitment of soil bacteria and fungi. Whereas archaea remained stable, several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of indigenous soil bacteria and fungi were enriched and affiliated with known microbial decomposers such as Cytophagaceae, Phaselicystis sp., Verrucomicrobia, Pseudomonas sp., Ramicandelaber sp., and Mortierella sp., resulting in lower soil microbial richness and diversity.

SUBMITTER: Hellequin E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6312294 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Specific recruitment of soil bacteria and fungi decomposers following a biostimulant application increased crop residues mineralization.

Hellequin Eve E Monard Cécile C Quaiser Achim A Henriot Morgane M Klarzynski Olivier O Binet Françoise F

PloS one 20181231 12

Agriculture is undergoing important changes in order to meet sustainable soil management with respect to biodiversity (namely agroecology). Within this context, alternative solutions to mineral fertilizers such as agricultural biostimulants are thus promoted and being developed. The mechanisms by which some soil biostimulants sustain soil biological functioning and indirectly increase crop yields are still unknown. Our goal in the present study was to demonstrate if and to what extent the applic ...[more]

PMID: 30596675

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Project description:Extreme flood events are predicted to have a negative impact on soil quality. Currently, there is a lack of information about the effect of agricultural practices on soil functioning and microbial processes under these events. We hypothesized that the impact of flooding on soil quality will be exacerbated when crop residues are present in the soil as they will induce more extreme anaerobicity. A spring extreme flood event (10 °C, 9 weeks) was simulated in mesocosms containing an arable sandy-loam soil low in nutrients. The main treatments were (1) with and without flooding and (2) with and without maize residue addition (8 Mg ha-1). We monitored changes in soil chemical quality indicators (e.g. pH, salinity, Fe3+, P, C, NH4 +, NO3 - and organic N), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) and soil microbial community composition (PLFAs) during a prolonged flood period (9 weeks) and an 8-week "recovery" period after flooding. In comparison to the other treatments, flooding in the presence of crop residues resulted in a dramatic drop in soil redox potential. This was associated with the enhanced release of Fe and C into solution and an increase in CH4 emissions. In contrast, maize residues reduced potential nitrate losses and N2O emissions, possibly due to complete denitrification and microbial N immobilization. Both flooding and maize residues stimulated microbial growth and promoted a shift in microbial community composition. Following floodwater removal, most of the soil quality indicators returned to the levels of the control treatment within 5 weeks. After this short recovery phase, no major impact of flooding could be observed on plant growth (maize pot-grown). Overall, we conclude that both extreme flooding and management regime negatively impact upon a range of soil quality indicators (e.g. redox, GHG emissions); however, the soil showed high resilience and recovered quickly after floodwater removal. Further work is required to investigate the impact of repeated extreme flood events on soil quality and function over longer timescales.

Project description:BackgroundThe importance of organic farming has increased through the years to promote food security allied with minimal harm to the ecosystem. Besides the environmental benefits, a recurring problem associated with organic management is the unsatisfactory yield. A possible solution may rely on the soil microbiome, which presents a crucial role in the soil system. Here, we aimed to evaluate the soil bacterial community structure and composition under organic and conventional farming, considering the tropical climate and tropical soil.MethodologyOur organic management treatments were composed by composted poultry manure and green manure with Bokashi. Both organic treatments were based on low nitrogen inputs. We evaluated the soil bacterial community composition by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, soil fertility, and soil enzyme activity in two organic farming systems, one conventional and the last transitional from conventional to organic.ResultsWe observed that both organic systems evaluated in this study, have higher yield than the conventional treatment, even in a year with drought conditions. These yield results are highly correlated with changes in soil chemical properties and enzymatic activity. The attributes pH, Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, and β- glucosidase activity are positively correlated with organic systems, while K and Al are correlated with conventional treatment. Also, our results show in the organic systems the changes in the soil bacteria community, being phyla Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, and Rokubacteria the most abundant. These phyla were correlated with soil biochemical changes in the organic systems, helping to increase crop yields.ConclusionDifferent organic management systems, (the so-called natural and organic management systems, which use distinct organic sources), shift the soil bacterial community composition, implying changes in their functionalities. Also, our results contributed to the identification of target bacterial groups and changes in soil chemical properties and enzymatic activity in a trophic organic farming system, which may contribute to higher crop yields.

Project description:Continuous cropping of the same crop leads to soil degradation and a decline in crop production, and these impacts could be mitigated through rotation cropping. Although crop rotation enhances soil fertility, microbial community diversity, and potato yield, its effects on the soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remain unclear. In the present research, we comparatively examined the effects of potato continuous cropping (PP) and rotation cropping [potato-oat rotation (PO) and potato-forage maize rotation (PFM)] on the soil EMF as well as the roles of keystone taxa, microbes abundance, and chemical properties in EMF improvement. It was demonstrated that soil EMF is increased in rotation cropping (PO and PFM) than PP. Soil pH was higher in rotation cropping (PO and PFM) than in PP, while total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) were significantly decreased than that in PP. Rotation cropping (PO and PFM) markedly changed the bacterial and fungal community compositions, and improved the potential plant-beneficial fungi, e.g., Schizothecium and Chaetomium, while reducing the abundances of the potentially phytopathogenic fungi, e.g., Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillium dahiae, Gibberella, Plectosphaerella, Colletotrichum, Phoma, and Lectera in comparison with PP. Also, co-occurrence patterns for bacteria and fungi were impacted by crop rotation, and keystone taxa, e.g., Nitrospira.1, Lysinibacillus, Microlunatus.1, Sphingomonas.3, Bryobacter.1, Micromonospora, and Schizothecium, were enriched in PO and PFM than PP. The structural equation model (SEM) further demonstrated that cropping systems increased soil ecosystem multifunctionality through regulating SOM and keystone taxa (Schizothecium1), and keystone taxa were mediated by soil pH. This study suggested that rotation cropping might contribute to the improvement of soil ecosystem multifunctionality as well as the development of disease-suppressive soils in comparison with potato continuous cropping.

Dataset Information

Specific recruitment of soil bacteria and fungi decomposers following a biostimulant application increased crop residues mineralization.

Publications

Specific recruitment of soil bacteria and fungi decomposers following a biostimulant application increased crop residues mineralization.

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