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An investigation of delay and probability discounting in hoarding disorder.

ABSTRACT: Behavioral impulsivity may be a mechanism of hoarding disorder (HD). A commonly used and well-validated measure of impulsivity is the delay and probability discounting task, which consists of making decisions about receiving monetary rewards after varying delay intervals and delivery probabilities. We compared delay and probability discounting and self-reported behavioral impulsivity in 81 patients with a primary diagnosis of HD and 45 nonclinical controls. HD participants completed the impulsivity measures before and after 16 weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), whereas control group participants completed the measures before and after a 16-week waiting period. Despite the fact that self-reported impulsivity was greater in the HD group than the control group, delay and probability discounting did not differ between groups. Additionally, while self-reported behavioral impulsivity improved over the course of CBT in HD participants, delay and probability discounting did not change during treatment. Furthermore, higher delay discounting scores (i.e., greater preference for immediate rewards, indicating greater impulsivity) were associated with lower hoarding symptom severity. The findings suggest that self-reported impulsivity, but not objective performance on a behavioral impulsivity task, may be impaired in HD, and are discussed in terms of cognitive and affective factors in decision-making.

SUBMITTER: Levy HC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6312474 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An investigation of delay and probability discounting in hoarding disorder.

Levy Hannah C HC Katz Benjamin W BW Das Akanksha A Stevens Michael C MC Tolin David F DF

Journal of psychiatric research 20181122

Behavioral impulsivity may be a mechanism of hoarding disorder (HD). A commonly used and well-validated measure of impulsivity is the delay and probability discounting task, which consists of making decisions about receiving monetary rewards after varying delay intervals and delivery probabilities. We compared delay and probability discounting and self-reported behavioral impulsivity in 81 patients with a primary diagnosis of HD and 45 nonclinical controls. HD participants completed the impulsiv ...[more]

PMID: 30513489

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Project description:Current literature is divided over whether and how processes such as perspective taking and reward sensitivity differ between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus neurotypical individuals. Discounting tasks may provide novel insight into how these processes operate. In delay discounting tasks, participants choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger delayed rewards, and in social discounting tasks, participants choose between a smaller monetary rewards for themselves versus a larger reward for partners of varied social distance (e.g., a close friend vs. an acquaintance). Delay and social discounting tasks thus implicitly measure the subjective value of rewards given to one's future self and to others, capturing constructs such as perspective taking, reward processing, and social closeness, all of which have been discussed as core cognitive mechanisms underlying ASD. Despite extensive research on discounting in other clinical populations, few studies have examined delay discounting in ASD and no research has examined social discounting in ASD. The goal of the current study was to assess delay and social discounting for monetary rewards in a single sample of adolescents and adults with ASD compared to a matched neurotypical sample. Overall, adults and adolescents with ASD valued both future rewards and rewards given to others less than their typical counterparts did, but rates of discounting were not significantly correlated across temporal and social domains. These results extend an important behavioral paradigm for understanding both perspective taking and reward processing to autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 870-877. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Discounting tasks-which experimentally measure the subjective value of different rewards-have been used with a variety of clinical populations, but are underexplored in ASD. We found that compared to neurotypical individuals, individuals with ASD showed diminished subjective value for future rewards (compared to immediate rewards) and rewards for others (compared to rewards for self). This finding has implications for understanding perspective taking, reward processing, and social closeness in ASD.

Dataset Information

An investigation of delay and probability discounting in hoarding disorder.

Publications

An investigation of delay and probability discounting in hoarding disorder.

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