Dataset Information

Idi1 and Hmgcs2 Are Affected by Stretch in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Lipid expression is increased in the atrial myocytes of mitral regurgitation (MR) patients. This study aimed to investigate key regulatory genes and mechanisms of atrial lipotoxic myopathy in MR. METHODS:The HL-1 atrial myocytes were subjected to uniaxial cyclic stretching for eight hours. Fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein signaling, and cholesterol metabolism were analyzed by PCR assay (168 genes). RESULTS:The stretched myocytes had significantly larger cell size and higher lipid expression than non-stretched myocytes (all p < 0.001). Fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein signaling, and cholesterol metabolism in the myocytes were analyzed by PCR assay (168 genes). In comparison with their counterparts in non-stretched myocytes, seven genes in stretched monocytes (Idi1, Olr1, Nr1h4, Fabp2, Prkag3, Slc27a5, Fabp6) revealed differential upregulation with an altered fold change >1.5. Nine genes in stretched monocytes (Apoa4, Hmgcs2, Apol8, Srebf1, Acsm4, Fabp1, Acox2, Acsl6, Gk) revealed differential downregulation with an altered fold change <0.67. Canonical pathway analysis, using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, revealed that the only genes in the "superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis" were Idi1 (upregulated) and Hmgcs2 (downregulated). The fraction of stretched myocytes expressing Nile red was significantly decreased by RNA interference of Idi1 (p < 0.05) and was significantly decreased by plasmid transfection of Hmgcs2 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS:The Idi1 and Hmgcs2 genes have regulatory roles in atrial lipotoxic myopathy associated with atrial enlargement.

SUBMITTER: Fang CY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6321625 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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<i>Idi1</i> and <i>Hmgcs2</i> Are Affected by Stretch in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes.

Fang Chih-Yuan CY Chen Mien-Cheng MC Chang Tzu-Hao TH Wu Chia-Chen CC Chang Jen-Ping JP Huang Hsien-Da HD Ho Wan-Chun WC Wang Yi-Zhen YZ Pan Kuo-Li KL Lin Yu-Sheng YS Huang Yao-Kuang YK Chen Chien-Jen CJ Lee Wei-Chieh WC

International journal of molecular sciences 20181218 12

<h4>Background</h4>Lipid expression is increased in the atrial myocytes of mitral regurgitation (MR) patients. This study aimed to investigate key regulatory genes and mechanisms of atrial lipotoxic myopathy in MR.<h4>Methods</h4>The HL-1 atrial myocytes were subjected to uniaxial cyclic stretching for eight hours. Fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein signaling, and cholesterol metabolism were analyzed by PCR assay (168 genes).<h4>Results</h4>The stretched myocytes had significantly larger cell si ...[more]

PMID: 30567295

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Project description:Increased macrophage accumulation occurs in the atria of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the phenotype and functions of the macrophages in AF remain unclear. We investigated the macrophage-atrial myocyte interaction in AF patients and found that the increased macrophages were mainly pro-inflammatory macrophages (iNOS+, Arg1-). Tachypacing of HL-1 atrial myocytes also led to pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated pro-inflammatory macrophages-induced atrial electrical remodeling, evidenced by increased AF incidence and decreased atrial effective refractory period and L-type calcium currents (I Ca-L) in both canine and mouse AF models. Depletion of macrophages relieved LPS-induced atrial electrical remodeling, confirming the role of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the pathogenesis of AF. We also found that the effect of LPS-stimulated macrophages on atrial myocytes was mediated by secretion of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), which inhibited atrial myocyte quaking protein (QKI) expression. IL-1β knockout in macrophages restored the LPS-stimulated macrophage-induced inhibition of QKI and CACNA1C (α1C subunit of L-type calcium channel) in atrial myocytes. Meanwhile, QKI overexpression in atrial myocytes restored the LPS-stimulated macrophage-induced electrical remodeling through enhanced binding of QKI to CACNA1C mRNA, which upregulated the expression of CACNA1C as well as I Ca-L. In contrast, QKI knockout inhibited CACNA1C expression. Finally, using transcription factor activation profiling plate array and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we revealed that special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 activated QKI transcription. Taken together, our study uncovered the functional interaction between macrophages and atrial myocytes in AF. AF induced pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization while pro-inflammatory macrophages exacerbated atrial electrical remodeling by secreting IL-1β, further inhibiting QKI expression in atrial myocytes, which contributed to I Ca-L downregulation. Our study demonstrates a novel molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AF and suggests that QKI is a potential therapeutic target.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The activation of stretch-activated channels (SACs) in cardiac myocytes, which changes the phases of action potential repolarization, is proven to be highly efficient for the conversion of atrial fibrillation. The expression of Na+ current in myofibroblasts (Mfbs) regenerates myocytes' action potentials, suggesting that Mfbs play an active role in triggering cardiac rhythm disturbances. Moreover, the excitation of mechano-gated channels (MGCs) in Mfbs depolarizes their membrane potential and contributes to the increased risk of post-infarct arrhythmia. Although these electrophysiological mechanisms have been largely known, the roles of these currents in cardiac mechanics are still debated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanical influence of these currents via mathematical modeling. A novel mathematical model was developed by integrating models of human atrial myocyte (including the stretch-activated current, Ca2+-force relation, and mechanical behavior of a single segment) and Mfb (including our formulation of Na+ current and mechano-gated channels' current). The effects of the changes in basic cycle length, number of coupled Mfbs and intercellular coupling conductance on myocyte mechanical properties were compared. RESULTS:Our results indicated that these three currents significantly regulated myocyte mechanical parameters. In isosarcometric contraction, these currents increased segment force by 13.8-36.6% and dropped element length by 12.1-31.5%. In isotonic contraction, there are 2.7-5.9% growth and 0.9-24% reduction. Effects of these currents on the extremum of myocyte mechanical parameters become more significant with the increase of basic cycle length, number of coupled Mfbs and intercellular coupling conductance. CONCLUSIONS:The results demonstrated that stretch-activated current in myocytes and Na+ current and mechano-gated channels' current in Mfbs significantly influenced myocyte mechanical behavior and should be considered in future cardiac mechanical mathematical modeling.

Dataset Information

Idi1 and Hmgcs2 Are Affected by Stretch in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes.

Publications

<i>Idi1</i> and <i>Hmgcs2</i> Are Affected by Stretch in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes.

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