Dataset Information

Mucociliary Defense: Emerging Cellular, Molecular, and Animal Models.

ABSTRACT: Respiratory tissues are bombarded by billions of particles daily. If allowed to accumulate, these particles can cause injury, inflammation, or infection, and thus may significantly disrupt airflow and gas exchange. Mucociliary defense, a primary mechanism for protecting host tissues, operates through the coordinated functions of mucus and cilia that trap and eliminate inhaled materials. Mucociliary function is also required for the elimination of endogenous cells and debris. Although defense is necessarily robust, it is also tightly regulated to minimize physiologic disruption of the host. Indeed, mucociliary dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many lung diseases-including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis-in which airflow limitation, inflammation, persistent tissue injury, and structural remodeling occur. Here, we highlight recent advances in cilia and mucin biology, the importance of well-controlled mucociliary interactions, and the need to better understand how these regulate innate barrier and immune defense.

SUBMITTER: Benam KH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6322027 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Mucociliary Defense: Emerging Cellular, Molecular, and Animal Models.

Benam Kambez H KH Vladar Eszter K EK Janssen William J WJ Evans Christopher M CM

Annals of the American Thoracic Society 20181101 Suppl 3

Respiratory tissues are bombarded by billions of particles daily. If allowed to accumulate, these particles can cause injury, inflammation, or infection, and thus may significantly disrupt airflow and gas exchange. Mucociliary defense, a primary mechanism for protecting host tissues, operates through the coordinated functions of mucus and cilia that trap and eliminate inhaled materials. Mucociliary function is also required for the elimination of endogenous cells and debris. Although defense is ...[more]

PMID: 30431350

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Project description:Stroke is the world's second leading cause of mortality, with a high incidence of severe morbidity in surviving victims. There are currently relatively few treatment options available to minimize tissue death following a stroke. As such, there is a pressing need to explore, at a molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole body level, the mechanisms leading to damage and death of CNS tissue following an ischemic brain event. This review explores the etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and provides a general model of such. The pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury is explained, and experimental animal models of global and focal ischemic stroke, and in vitro cellular stroke models, are described in detail along with experimental strategies to analyze the injuries. In particular, the technical aspects of these stroke models are assessed and critically evaluated, along with detailed descriptions of the current best-practice murine models of ischemic stroke. Finally, we review preclinical studies using different strategies in experimental models, followed by an evaluation of results of recent, and failed attempts of neuroprotection in human clinical trials. We also explore new and emerging approaches for the prevention and treatment of stroke. In this regard, we note that single-target drug therapies for stroke therapy, have thus far universally failed in clinical trials. The need to investigate new targets for stroke treatments, which have pleiotropic therapeutic effects in the brain, is explored as an alternate strategy, and some such possible targets are elaborated. Developing therapeutic treatments for ischemic stroke is an intrinsically difficult endeavour. The heterogeneity of the causes, the anatomical complexity of the brain, and the practicalities of the victim receiving both timely and effective treatment, conspire against developing effective drug therapies. This should in no way be a disincentive to research, but instead, a clarion call to intensify efforts to ameliorate suffering and death from this common health catastrophe. This review aims to summarize both the present experimental and clinical state-of-the art, and to guide future research directions.

Dataset Information

Mucociliary Defense: Emerging Cellular, Molecular, and Animal Models.

Publications

Mucociliary Defense: Emerging Cellular, Molecular, and Animal Models.

Similar Datasets

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