Dataset Information

Use of an Individual-Level Approach to Identify Cortical Connectivity Biomarkers in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Existing functional connectivity studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) support a model of circuit dysfunction. However, these group-level observations have failed to yield neuroimaging biomarkers sufficient to serve as a test for the OCD diagnosis, predict current or future symptoms, or predict treatment response, perhaps because these studies failed to account for the substantial intersubject variability in structural and functional brain organization. METHODS:We used functional regions, localized in each of 41 individual OCD patients, to identify cortical connectivity biomarkers of both global and dimension-specific symptom severity and to detect functional connections that track changes in symptom severity following intensive residential treatment. RESULTS:Global OCD symptom severity was directly linked to dysconnectivity between large-scale intrinsic brain networks-particularly among the dorsal attention, default, and frontoparietal networks. Changes within a subset of connections among these networks were associated with symptom resolution. Additionally, distinct and nonoverlapping cortical connectivity biomarkers were identified that were significantly associated with the severity of contamination/washing and responsibility for harm/checking symptoms, highlighting the contribution of dissociable neural networks to specific OCD symptom dimensions. By contrast, when we defined functional regions conventionally, using a population-level brain atlas, we could no longer identify connectivity biomarkers of severity or improvement for any of the symptom dimensions. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings would seem to encourage the use of individual-level approaches to connectivity analyses to better delineate the cortical and subcortical networks underlying symptom severity and improvement at the dimensional level in OCD patients.

SUBMITTER: Brennan BP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6324977 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Use of an Individual-Level Approach to Identify Cortical Connectivity Biomarkers in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Brennan Brian P BP Wang Danhong D Li Meiling M Perriello Chris C Ren Jianxun J Elias Jason A JA Van Kirk Nathaniel P NP Krompinger Jason W JW Pope Harrison G HG Haber Suzanne N SN Rauch Scott L SL Baker Justin T JT Liu Hesheng H

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging 20180816 1

<h4>Background</h4>Existing functional connectivity studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) support a model of circuit dysfunction. However, these group-level observations have failed to yield neuroimaging biomarkers sufficient to serve as a test for the OCD diagnosis, predict current or future symptoms, or predict treatment response, perhaps because these studies failed to account for the substantial intersubject variability in structural and functional brain organization.<h4>Methods</h4 ...[more]

PMID: 30262337

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Project description:Individual differences in impulsivity and compulsivity is thought to underlie vulnerability to a broad range of disorders and are closely tied to cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical function. However, whether impulsivity and compulsivity in clinical disorders is continuous with the healthy population and explains cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical dysfunction across different disorders remains unclear. Here, we characterized the relationship between cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical effective connectivity, estimated using dynamic causal modelling of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity in two symptomatically distinct but phenotypically related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder. 487 online participants provided data for modelling of dimensional phenotypes. These data were combined with 34 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, 22 gambling disorder patients, and 39 healthy controls, who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Three core dimensions were identified: disinhibition, impulsivity, and compulsivity. Patients' scores on these dimensions were continuously distributed with the healthy participants, supporting a continuum model of psychopathology. Across all participants, higher disinhibition correlated with lower bottom-up connectivity in the dorsal circuit and greater bottom-up connectivity in the ventral circuit, and higher compulsivity correlated with lower bottom-up connectivity in the dorsal circuit. In patients, higher clinical severity was also linked to lower bottom-up connectivity in the dorsal circuit, but these findings were independent of phenotypic variation, demonstrating convergence towards behaviourally and clinically relevant changes in brain dynamics. Effective connectivity did not differ as a function of traditional diagnostic labels and only weak associations were observed for functional connectivity measures. Together, our results demonstrate that cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical dysfunction across obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder may be better characterized by dimensional phenotypes than diagnostic comparisons, supporting investigation of quantitative liability phenotypes.

Dataset Information

Use of an Individual-Level Approach to Identify Cortical Connectivity Biomarkers in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Publications

Use of an Individual-Level Approach to Identify Cortical Connectivity Biomarkers in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Similar Datasets

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