Dataset Information

Deciphering Hybrid Larch Reaction Norms Using Random Regression.

ABSTRACT: The link between phenotypic plasticity and heterosis is a broad fundamental question, with stakes in breeding. We report a case-study evaluating temporal series of wood ring traits of hybrid larch (Larix decidua × L. kaempferi and reciprocal) in relation to soil water availability. Growth rings record the tree plastic responses to past environmental conditions, and we used random regressions to estimate the reaction norms of ring width and wood density with respect to water availability. We investigated the role of phenotypic plasticity on the construction of hybrid larch heterosis and on the expression of its quantitative genetic parameters. The data came from an intra-/interspecific diallel mating design between both parental species. Progenies were grown in two environmentally contrasted sites, in France. Ring width plasticity with respect to water availability was confirmed, as all three taxa produced narrower rings under the lowest water availability. Hybrid larch appeared to be the most plastic taxon as its superiority over its parental species increased with increasing water availability. Despite the low heritabilities of the investigated traits, we found that the expression of a reliable negative correlation between them was conditional to the water availability environment. Finally, by means of a complementary simulation, we demonstrated that random regression can be applied to model the reaction norms of non-repeated records of phenotypic plasticity bound by a family structure. Random regression is a powerful tool for the modeling of reaction norms in various contexts, especially perennial species.

SUBMITTER: Marchal A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6325918 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Deciphering Hybrid Larch Reaction Norms Using Random Regression.

Marchal Alexandre A Schlichting Carl D CD Gobin Rémy R Balandier Philippe P Millier Frédéric F Muñoz Facundo F Pâques Luc E LE Sánchez Leopoldo L

G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 20190109 1

The link between phenotypic plasticity and heterosis is a broad fundamental question, with stakes in breeding. We report a case-study evaluating temporal series of wood ring traits of hybrid larch (<i>Larix decidua</i> × <i>L. kaempferi</i> and reciprocal) in relation to soil water availability. Growth rings record the tree plastic responses to past environmental conditions, and we used random regressions to estimate the reaction norms of ring width and wood density with respect to water availab ...[more]

PMID: 30333192

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Project description:Local adaptation and its underlying molecular basis has long been a key focus in evolutionary biology. There has recently been increased interest in the evolutionary role of plasticity and the molecular mechanisms underlying local adaptation. Using transcriptome analysis, we assessed differences in gene expression profiles for three brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations, one resident and two anadromous, experiencing different temperature regimes in the wild. The study was based on an F2 generation raised in a common garden setting. A previous study of the F1 generation revealed different reaction norms and significantly higher QST than FST among populations for two early life-history traits. In the present study we investigated if similar reaction norm patterns were present at the transcriptome level. Eggs from the three populations were incubated at two temperatures (5 and 8 degrees C) representing conditions encountered in the local environments. Global gene expression for fry at the stage of first feeding was analysed using a 32k cDNA microarray. The results revealed differences in gene expression between populations and temperatures and population M-CM-^W temperature interactions, the latter indicating locally adapted reaction norms. Moreover, the reaction norms paralleled those observed previously at early life-history traits. We were able to identify 90 cDNA clones among the genes with an interaction effect that were differently expressed between the ecologically divergent populations. These included genes involved in immune- and stress response. We observed less plasticity in the resident as compared to the anadromous populations, possibly reflecting that the degree of environmental heterogeneity encountered by individuals throughout their life cycle will select for variable level of phenotypic plasticity at the transcriptome level. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of transcriptome approaches to identify genes with different temperature reaction norms. The responses observed suggest that populations may vary in their susceptibility to climate change. Brown trout populations from three rivers in Denmark were studied: the Karup (KAR), Norring Moellebaek (NOR) and Lilleaa Rivers (LIL). These rivers experience different temperature regimes during the period lasting from egg incubation until fry emergence. During the autumn of 2004 and the winter of 2004/2005, adults from the three populations were collected by electro fishing. The fish were stripped for milt and eggs to establish an F1 generation. In autumn/winter 2008/2009, mature F1s were used to establish F2 offspring for each of the three populations. For KAR and LIL, 20 full-sib families were established, whereas for NOR, 15 full-sib families were established. Eggs from each full sib family were divided into two pools that were incubated at 5 and 8M-BM-!C in separate hatching troughs. At the time of first feeding (ca. 750-780 day-degrees), 10 individuals from each family and temperature were collected and transferred to separate tubes containing RNAlater (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). A 32K cDNA microarray developed for salmonids by cGRASP was used for the analyses. Ten families were randomly selected from each population. From each family two individuals were analyzed for each temperature (5 and 8oC, respectively), amounting to a total of 120 individuals. Of the two individuals from each temperature treatment within a family, one was labeled with CY5 and the other with CY3. For each family there were two comparisons of individuals representing different temperatures, but with dyes swapped between comparisons.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Directional selection for growth has resulted in the 9-10th generation of domesticated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. outgrowing wild salmon by a ratio of approximately 3:1 when reared under standard hatchery conditions. In the wild however, growth of domesticated and wild salmon is more similar, and seems to differ at the most by a ratio of 1.25:1. Comparative studies of quantitative traits in farmed and wild salmon are often performed by the use of common-garden experiments where salmon of all origins are reared together to avoid origin-specific environmental differences. As social interaction may influence growth, the large observed difference in growth between wild and domesticated salmon in the hatchery may not be entirely genetically based, but inflated by inter-strain competition. This study had two primary aims: (i) investigate the effect of social interaction and inter-strain competition in common-garden experiments, by comparing the relative growth of farmed, hybrid and wild salmon when reared together and separately; (ii) investigate the competitive balance between wild and farmed salmon by comparing their norm of reaction for survival and growth along an environmental gradient ranging from standard hatchery conditions to a semi-natural environment with restricted feed. RESULTS:The main results of this study, which are based upon the analysis of more than 6000 juvenile salmon, can be summarised as; (i) there was no difference in relative growth between wild and farmed salmon when reared together and separately; (ii) the relative difference in body weight at termination between wild and farmed salmon decreased as mortality increased along the environmental gradient approaching natural conditions. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that potential social interactions between wild and farmed salmon when reared communally are not likely to cause an overestimation of the genetic growth differences between them. Therefore, common-garden experiments represent a valid methodological approach to investigate genetic differences between wild and farmed salmon. As growth of surviving salmon of all origins became more similar as mortality increased along the environmental gradient approaching natural conditions, a hypothesis is presented suggesting that size-selective mortality is a possible factor reducing growth differences between these groups in the wild.

Dataset Information

Deciphering Hybrid Larch Reaction Norms Using Random Regression.

Publications

Deciphering Hybrid Larch Reaction Norms Using Random Regression.

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