Stage-specific incidence trends of melanoma in an English region, 1996-2015: longitudinal analyses of population-based data.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Herbert A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6330074 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Stage-specific incidence trends of melanoma in an English region, 1996-2015: longitudinal analyses of population-based data.
Herbert Annie A Koo Minjoung M MM Barclay Matthew E ME Greenberg David C DC Abel Gary A GA Levell Nick J NJ Lyratzopoulos Georgios G
Melanoma research 20200601 3
The aim of this study was to examine temporal trends in overall and stage-specific incidence of melanoma. Using population-based data on patients diagnosed with melanoma in East Anglia, England, 1996-2015, we estimated age-standardized time trends in annual incidence rates for each stage at diagnosis. Negative binomial regression was used to model trends over time adjusted for sex, age group and deprivation, and to subsequently examine variation in stage-specific trends by sex and age group. The ...[more]
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Project description:The burden of breast cancer in Vietnam has not been documented. This study sought to estimate the incidence of breast cancer in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest economic center of Vietnam, from 1996 to 2015. This was a population-based study using the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry as a source of data (coverage period: 1996-2015). The Registry adopted the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition for the classification of primary sites and morphology, and guidelines from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the International Association of Cancer Registries. Using the population statistics from census data of Ho Chi Minh City, the point incidence of breast cancer for 5-year period was estimated. Based on the national population, we calculated the age-standardized rate (ASR) of breast cancer between 1996 and 2015. Overall 14,222 new cases of breast cancer (13,948 women, or 98%) had been registered during the 1996-2015 period; among whom, just over half (52%) were in the 2nd stage and 26% in the 3rd and 4th stages. In women, the median age at diagnosis was 50 years and there was a slight increase over time. The ASR of breast cancer during the 2011-2015 period was 107.4 cases per 100,000 women, representing an increase of 70% compared to the rate during the 1996-2000 period. In men, there was also a significant increase in the ASR: from 1.13 during the 1996-2001 period to 2.32 per 100,000 men during the 2011-2015 period. These very first data from Vietnam suggest that although the incidence of breast cancer in Vietnam remains relatively low, it has increased over time.
| S-EPMC7875422 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportancePeople with HIV (PWH) are often coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), leading to increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but few cohort studies have had sufficient power to describe the trends of HCC incidence and risk among PWH in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era.ObjectiveTo determine the temporal trends of HCC incidence rates (IRs) and to compare rates by risk factors among PWH in the cART era.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study used data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) study, which was conducted between 1996 and 2015. NA-ACCORD pooled individual-level data from 22 HIV clinical and interval cohorts of PWH in the US and Canada. PWH aged 18 years or older with available CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA data were enrolled. Data analyses were completed in March 2020.ExposuresHBV infection was defined as detection of either HBV surface antigen, HBV e antigen, or HBV DNA in serum or plasma any time during observation. HCV infection was defined by detection of anti-HCV seropositivity, HCV RNA, or detectable genotype in serum or plasma at any time under observation.Main outcomes and measuresHCC diagnoses were identified on the basis of review of medical records or cancer registry linkage.ResultsOf 109 283 PWH with 723 441 person-years of follow-up, the median (interquartile range) age at baseline was 43 (36-51) years, 93 017 (85.1%) were male, 44 752 (40.9%) were White, 44 322 (40.6%) were Black, 21 343 (19.5%) had HCV coinfection, 6348 (5.8%) had HBV coinfection, and 2082 (1.9%) had triple infection; 451 individuals received a diagnosis of HCC by 2015. Between the early (1996-2000) and modern (2006-2015) cART eras, the crude HCC IR increased from 0.28 to 0.75 case per 1000 person-years. HCC IRs remained constant among HIV-monoinfected persons or those coinfected with HBV, but from 1996 to 2015, IRs increased among PWH coinfected with HCV (from 0.34 cases/1000 person-years in 1996 to 2.39 cases/1000 person-years in 2015) or those with triple infection (from 0.65 cases/1000 person-years in 1996 to 4.49 cases/1000 person-years in 2015). Recent HIV RNA levels greater than or equal to 500 copies/mL (IR ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4) and CD4 cell counts less than or equal to 500 cells/μL (IR ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.6) were associated with higher HCC risk in the modern cART era. People who injected drugs had higher HCC risk compared with men who had sex with men (IR ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9), adjusted for HBV-HCV coinfection.Conclusions and relevanceHCC rates among PWH increased significantly over time from 1996 to 2015. PWH coinfected with viral hepatitis, those with higher HIV RNA levels or lower CD4 cell counts, and those who inject drugs had higher HCC risk.
| S-EPMC7890526 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Social, economic and health disparities between northern and southern England have persisted despite Government policies to reduce them. We examine long-term trends in premature mortality in northern and southern England across age groups, and whether mortality patterns changed after the 2008-2009 Great Recession.Population-wide longitudinal (1965-2015) study of mortality in England's five northernmost versus four southernmost Government Office Regions - halves of overall population.directly age-sex adjusted mortality rates; northern excess mortality (percentage excess northern vs southern deaths, age-sex adjusted).From 1965 to 2010, premature mortality (deaths per 10 000 aged <75 years) declined from 64 to 28 in southern versus 72 to 35 in northern England. From 2010 to 2015 the rate of decline in premature mortality plateaued in northern and southern England. For most age groups, northern excess mortality remained consistent from 1965 to 2015. For 25-34 and 35-44 age groups, however, northern excess mortality increased sharply between 1995 and 2015: from 2.2% (95% CI -3.2% to 7.6%) to 29.3% (95% CI 21.0% to 37.6%); and 3.3% (95% CI -1.0% to 7.6%) to 49.4% (95% CI 42.8% to 55.9%), respectively. This was due to northern mortality increasing (ages 25-34) or plateauing (ages 35-44) from the mid-1990s while southern mortality mainly declined.England's northern excess mortality has been consistent among those aged <25 and 45+ for the past five decades but risen alarmingly among those aged 25-44 since the mid-90s, long before the Great Recession. This profound and worsening structural inequality requires more equitable economic, social and health policies, including potential reactions to the England-wide loss of improvement in premature mortality.
| S-EPMC5561382 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:More attention should be paid to communicable disease-specific infant mortality rate (CD-IMR) in rural China. However, few studies have examined specific geographic patterns and trends in CD-IMR in these areas. Our aims were to assess the epidemiological distribution and trends in CD-IMR in rural China for the period 1996-2015. METHODS:We used data from China's Under-5 Child Mortality Surveillance System (U5CMSS). The time trends in communicable disease-specific IMR (CD-IMR) were assessed by Poisson regression model, and the proportion of total infant deaths due to communicable disease was assessed by the Cochran Armitage trend test. Differences in CD-IMR among and within geographic regions were assessed for significance using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS:The overall CD-IMR fell by 86.0% from 1444.3 to 201.5 per 100,000 live births in rural mainland China from 1996 to 2015. The proportion of total infant deaths related to communicable disease fell from 33.4 to 19.7%. Using eastern rural areas as the reference, rate ratios (RRs) of IMR due to all communicable diseases ranged between 1.7 and 3.1 in central rural areas and between 4.4 and 9.8 in western areas during the four study intervals. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) accounted for 71% of deaths, followed by diarrhea and septicemia. CONCLUSIONS:IMR due to communicable disease remains a major public health issue. ARI is the leading cause of mortality, followed by diarrhea. A regional gap remains in the risk of infant exposure to communicable disease in rural China. More attention should be paid to western rural areas.
| S-EPMC7137429 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceDespite annually adapted recommendations to prevent malaria in travelers to endemic areas, France is still the industrialized country reporting the highest number of imported cases of malaria. Better understanding of the epidemiologic context and evolution during the past 2 decades may help to define a better preventive strategy.ObjectiveTo study epidemiologic trends of imported cases of malaria in travelers in geographic territories of France on the European continent (metropolitan France) from 1996 through 2016 to potentially explain the persistence of high imported malaria incidence despite national preventive measures.Design, setting, and participantsIn a cross-sectional study, between January 1 and May 31, 2018, data were extracted from the French National Reference Center of Malaria Surveillance. Trends in patients with imported malaria in association with age, sex, ethnicity, purpose of travel, malaria species, severity of illness, case mortality rate, and endemic countries visited were analyzed in 43 333 malaria cases among civilian travelers living in metropolitan France.Main outcomes and measuresEvolution of the main epidemiologic characteristics of patients with imported malaria.ResultsAmong the 43 333 patients with imported malaria in civilian travelers included in the study, 24 949 were male (62.4%), and 8549 were younger than 18 years (19.9%). A total of 28 658 malaria cases (71.5%) were among African individuals, and 10 618 cases (26.5%) among European individuals. From 1996 through 2016, the number of confirmed malaria cases peaked at 3400 cases in 2000, then declined to 1824 cases in 2005 and stabilized thereafter to approximately 1720 malaria cases per year. A total of 37 065 cases (85.5%) were due to Plasmodium falciparum. The proportion of malaria cases among African individuals rose from 53.5% in 1996 to 83.4% in 2016, and the most frequent motivation for traveling was visiting friends and relatives (25 329 [77.1%]; P < .001). Despite an increase in the proportion of severe cases, which rose from 131 cases (8.9%) in 1996 to 279 cases (16.7%) in 2016 (P < .001), mortality remained stable, being approximately 0.4% during the study period.Conclusions and relevanceBeyond the apparent stability of the number of imported malaria cases in France, significant changes appear to have occurred among the population who developed malaria infection following travel in endemic areas. These changes may imply that adaptation of the preventive strategy is needed to reduce the burden of the disease among travelers.
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Project description:BackgroundPrevious research suggests that greater well-being may protect against onset of chronic disease. However, it is unclear whether this association is similar across different types of disease.MethodWe used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the prospective relationship between well-being (measured using the CASP-19 quality of life questionnaire) and incidence of arthritis, cancer, stroke, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and chronic lung disease over 8 years. The sample consisted of 8182 participants 50 years or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.ResultsAfter adjustments for established risk factors, a standard deviation increase in CASP-19 score was associated with a decrease in arthritis risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83-0.96) and, in those younger than 65 years, a decrease in diabetes risk (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70-0.95) and chronic lung disease risk (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.97). Higher CASP-19 scores were associated with reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction; however, these associations were no longer significant after adjustments for established risk factors. No association was observed for cancer incidence. An age interaction was observed for diabetes, myocardial infarction, and chronic lung disease, with a stronger association between CASP-19 score and disease incidence at younger ages.ConclusionsThe extent of association between well-being and incident disease risk is not consistent across different chronic diseases. Future studies should examine the cause of this variation.
| S-EPMC4819773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMeningioma incidence was reported to have risen substantially in the United States during the first decade of the 21st century. There are few reports about subsequent incidence trends. This study provides updated data to investigate trends in meningioma incidence by demographic and tumor characteristics at diagnosis in the United states from 2004 to 2015.MethodsTrends in meningioma incidence were analyzed using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-18 (SEER-18) registry database of the National Cancer Institute. The joinpoint program was used to calculate annual percent change (APC) in incidence rates.ResultsThe overall incidence of meningioma increased by 4.6% (95% CI, 3.4-5.9) annually in 2004-2009, but remained stable from 2009 to 2015 (APC, 0; 95% CI, -0.8 to 0.8). Females (10.66 per 100 000 person-years) and blacks (9.52 per 100 000 person-years) had significant predominance in meningioma incidence. Incidence in many subgroups increased significantly up to 2009 and then remained stable until 2015. However, meningioma incidence in young and middle-aged people increased significantly throughout the entire time period from 2004 to 2015 (APC: 3.6% for <20-year-olds; 2.5% for 20-39-year-olds; 1.8% for 40-59-year-olds). The incidence of WHO II meningioma increased during 2011-2015 (APC = 5.4%), while the incidence of WHO III meningioma decreased during 2004-2015 (APC = -5.6%).ConclusionIn this study, the incidence of meningioma was found to be stable in recent years. Possible reasons for this finding include changes in population characteristics, the widespread use of diagnostic techniques, and changes in tumor classification and risk factors in the US population.
| S-EPMC6797634 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Increasing numbers of atypical hip fractures have been reported among patients with bisphosphonate use. However, the nature and extent of the problem are unknown despite recent investigations. To analyze national trends in hip fractures and medication use in the elderly US population, we respectively used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 1996 to 2007. In NIS, subtrochanteric fragility fractures were compared with typical hip fractures in femoral neck and intertrochanteric regions. Between 1996 and 2007, age-adjusted rates for typical hip fractures decreased by 31.6% among women (from 1020.5 to 697.4 per 100,000 population) and 20.5% among men (from 424.9 to 337.6 per 100,000 population). In contrast, overall trends in age-adjusted rates for subtrochanteric fragility fractures remained unchanged among men (p = .34) but increased 20.4% among women from 28.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.7-29.1) in 1999 to 34.2 (95% CI 33.4-34.9) per 100,000 population in 2007. The annual percentage increase was 2.1% (95% CI 1.3-2.8, p < .001) based on joinpoint regression analysis. In MEPS, bisphosphonate use increased predominantly in women (from 3.5% in 1996 to 16.6% in 2007) compared with men (2.3% in 2007). In the context of declining typical hip fractures among the US elderly, we observed small but significant increases in the incidence of subtrochanteric fragility fractures from 1999 among postmenopausal women. Using age-adjusted rates, we estimated that for every 100 or so reduction in typical femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures, there was an increase of one subtrochanteric fragility fracture.
| S-EPMC3179297 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rationale & objectiveTransitions between dialysis modalities can be disruptive to care. Our goals were to evaluate rates of transition from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to in-center hemodialysis (HD), mortality, and transplantation among incident PD patients in the US Renal Data System from 1996 to 2015 and identify factors associated with these outcomes.Study designObservational registry-based retrospective cohort study.Setting & participantsMedicare patients incident to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2011 (for adjusted analyses; through December 31, 2014, for unadjusted analyses), and treated with PD 1 or more days within 180 days of ESRD incidence (n = 173,533 for adjusted analyses; n = 219,787 for unadjusted analyses).Exposure & predictorsExposure: 1 or more days of PD. Predictors: patient- and facility-level characteristics obtained from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Form 2728 and other data sources.OutcomesPatients were followed up for 3 years until transition to in-center HD, death, or transplantation.Analytical approachMultivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazards over time and associations with predictors.ResultsCompared with earlier cohorts, recent incident PD patient cohorts had lower rates of death (48% decline) and transition to in-center HD (13% decline). Among many other findings, we found that: (1) rates of transition to in-center HD and death were lowest in the 2008 to 2011 cohort, (2) longer time receiving PD was associated with higher mortality risk but lower risk for transition to in-center HD, and (3) larger PD programs (≥25 vs ≤6 patients) displayed lower risks for death and transition to in-center HD.LimitationsData collected on Form 2728 are only at the time of ESRD incidence and do not provide information at the time of transition to in-center HD, death, or transplantation.ConclusionsRates of transition from PD to in-center HD and death rates for PD patients decreased over time and were lowest in PD programs with 25 or more patients. Implications of the observed improved technique survival warrant further investigation, focusing on modifiable factors of center-level performance to create opportunities for improved patient outcomes.
| S-EPMC7568078 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe sought to characterize recent prostate cancer incidence, distant stage diagnosis, and mortality rates by region, race/ethnicity, and age group.MethodsIn SEER*Stat, we examined age-specific and age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence, distant stage diagnosis, and mortality rates by race/ethnicity, census region, and age group. Incidence and mortality analyses included men diagnosed with (n = 723,269) and dying of (n = 112,116) prostate cancer between 2012 and 2015.ResultsNon-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (NHAPI) men had the highest and lowest rates, respectively, for each indicator across regions and age groups. Hispanic men had lower incidence and mortality rates than non-Hispanic white (NHW) men in all regions except the Northeast where they had higher incidence [RR, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-1.19] and similar mortality. Hispanics had higher distant stage rates in the Northeast (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.28) and South (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15-1.30), but similar rates in other regions. Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native (NHAIAN) men had higher distant stage rates than NHWs in the West (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15-1.65). NHBs and Hispanics had higher distant stage rates than NHWs among those aged 55 to 69 years (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 2.81-3.02 and 1.24; 95% CI, 1.18-1.31, respectively), despite lower overall incidence for Hispanics in this age group.ConclusionsFor Hispanic and NHAIAN men, prostate cancer indicators varied by region, while NHB and NHAPI men consistently had the highest and lowest rates, respectively, across regions.ImpactRegional and age group differences in prostate cancer indicators between populations may improve understanding of prostate cancer risk and help inform screening decisions.
| S-EPMC7334051 | biostudies-literature