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Photobiomodulation by Led Does Not Alter Muscle Recovery Indicators and Presents Similar Outcomes to Cold-Water Immersion and Active Recovery.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on muscle recovery based on inflammation (interleukin-10 [IL-10]; tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]), muscle damage markers (creatine kinase [CK]; lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), delay onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and countermovement jump performance (CMJ) after two sprint interval training (SIT) sessions compared with a placebo condition (part-I), as well as to compare the effectiveness of PBMT with active recovery (AR) and cold-water immersion (CWI) (part-II). Methods: Part-I was conducted as a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study and part-II as a parallel-group study. Thirty-six men participated in the studies (12 participants in part-I and 36 participants in part-II). Volunteers performed two SITs interspaced by 24-h (SIT1 and SIT2) to mimic the effect of accumulating 2 consecutive days of SIT. In part-I, only after SIT2, PBMT [Total energy: 600J (300J per leg in 5 spots); wavelength: 660-850 nm] or placebo interventions were performed, while in part-II PBMT (part-I data), AR (15-min; 50% of the maximal aerobic power), or CWI (10-min; 10°C) were carried out, also after SIT2. Blood samples were collected before (i.e., baseline), and 0.5, 1, 24, 48, and 72-h after SIT2, while CMJ and DOMS were measured before, 24, 48, and 72-h after SIT2. Results: In part-I, there were no interactions between PBMT and placebo conditions for any blood markers (P ≥ 0.313), DOMS (P = 0.052), and CMJ (P = 0.295). However, an effect of time was found with increases in LDH, CK, and IL-10 (P ≤ 0.043) as well as a decrease in DOMS at 72-h compared with 24-h (P = 0.012). In part-II, there were no interactions between the PBMT, AR, and CWI groups for any markers at the same moments (P ≥ 0.189) and for the peak and integral values (P ≥ 0.193), for DOMS (P = 0.314) and CMJ (P = 0.264). However, an effect of time was found with an increase in CK and IL-10 (P = 0.003), while DOMS decreased at 48 and 72-h compared with 24-h (P = 0.001). Conclusion: In summary, PBMT had no effect on inflammation, muscle damage, CMJ performance, or DOMS after two consecutive sprint interval training sessions compared to placebo, CWI, and AR strategies.

SUBMITTER: Malta ES

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6339932 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Photobiomodulation by Led Does Not Alter Muscle Recovery Indicators and Presents Similar Outcomes to Cold-Water Immersion and Active Recovery.

Malta Elvis de Souza ES de Lira Fabio Santos FS Machado Fabiana Andrade FA Zago Anderson Saranz AS do Amaral Sandra Lia SL Zagatto Alessandro Moura AM

Frontiers in physiology 20190114

<b>Purpose:</b> The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on muscle recovery based on inflammation (interleukin-10 [IL-10]; tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]), muscle damage markers (creatine kinase [CK]; lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), delay onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and countermovement jump performance (CMJ) after two sprint interval training (SIT) sessions compared with a placebo condition (part-I), as well as to compare the effectiv ...[more]

PMID: 30692939

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Project description:Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the depth of cold water immersion (CWI) (whole-body with head immersed and partial-body CWI) after high-intensity, intermittent running exercise on sleep architecture and recovery kinetics among well-trained runners. Methods: In a randomized, counterbalanced order, 12 well-trained male endurance runners ( V. O2max = 66.0 ± 3.9 ml·min-1·kg-1) performed a simulated trail (≈18:00) on a motorized treadmill followed by CWI (13.3 ± 0.2°C) for 10 min: whole-body immersion including the head (WHOLE; n = 12), partial-body immersion up to the iliac crest (PARTIAL; n = 12), and, finally, an out-of-water control condition (CONT; n = 10). Markers of fatigue and muscle damage-maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), countermovement jump (CMJ), plasma creatine kinase [CK], and subjective ratings-were recorded until 48 h after the simulated trail. After each condition, nocturnal core body temperature (T core) was measured, whereas sleep and heart rate variability were assessed using polysomnography. Results: There was a lower T core induced by WHOLE than CONT from the end of immersion to 80 min after the start of immersion (p < 0.05). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) proportion was higher (p < 0.05) during the first 180 min of the night in WHOLE compared with PARTIAL. WHOLE and PARTIAL induced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in arousal for the duration of the night compared with CONT, while only WHOLE decreased limb movements compared with CONT (p < 0.01) for the duration of the night. Heart rate variability analysis showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in RMSSD, low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) in WHOLE compared with both PARTIAL and CONT during the first sequence of SWS. No differences between conditions were observed for any markers of fatigue and muscle damage (p > 0.05) throughout the 48-h recovery period. Conclusion: WHOLE reduced arousal and limb movement and enhanced SWS proportion during the first part of the night, which may be particularly useful in the athlete's recovery process after exercise. Future studies are, however, required to assess whether such positive sleep outcomes may result in overall recovery optimization.

Project description:BackgroundStudies investigating the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) on the recovery of athletic performance, perceptual measures and creatine kinase (CK) have reported mixed results in physically active populations.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of CWI on recovery of athletic performance, perceptual measures and CK following an acute bout of exercise in physically active populations.Study designSystematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in September 2021 using Medline, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EmCare and Embase databases. Studies were included if they were peer reviewed and published in English, included participants who were involved in sport or deemed physically active, compared CWI with passive recovery methods following an acute bout of strenuous exercise and included athletic performance, athlete perception and CK outcome measures. Studies were divided into two strenuous exercise subgroups: eccentric exercise and high-intensity exercise. Random effects meta-analyses were used to determine standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Meta-regression analyses were completed with water temperature and exposure durations as continuous moderator variables.ResultsFifty-two studies were included in the meta-analyses. CWI improved the recovery of muscular power 24 h after eccentric exercise (SMD 0.34 [95% CI 0.06-0.62]) and after high-intensity exercise (SMD 0.22 [95% CI 0.004-0.43]), and reduced serum CK (SMD - 0.85 [95% CI - 1.61 to - 0.08]) 24 h after high-intensity exercise. CWI also improved muscle soreness (SMD - 0.89 [95% CI - 1.48 to - 0.29]) and perceived feelings of recovery (SMD 0.66 [95% CI 0.29-1.03]) 24 h after high-intensity exercise. There was no significant influence on the recovery of strength performance following either eccentric or high-intensity exercise. Meta-regression indicated that shorter time and lower temperatures were related to the largest beneficial effects on serum CK (duration and temperature dose effects) and endurance performance (duration dose effects only) after high-intensity exercise.ConclusionCWI was an effective recovery tool after high-intensity exercise, with positive outcomes occurring for muscular power, muscle soreness, CK, and perceived recovery 24 h after exercise. However, after eccentric exercise, CWI was only effective for positively influencing muscular power 24 h after exercise. Dose-response relationships emerged for positively influencing endurance performance and reducing serum CK, indicating that shorter durations and lower temperatures may improve the efficacy of CWI if used after high-intensity exercise.FundingEmma Moore is supported by a Research Training Program (Domestic) Scholarship from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Training.Protocol registrationOpen Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/SRB9D.

Project description:ObjectiveThis network meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the recovery impacts of varying cold water immersion (CWI) protocols on acute exercise-induced muscle damage.MethodsWe searched CNKI, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase from January 2000 to September 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining CWI's recovery effects on acute muscle damage. Data extraction, study screening, and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Analyses were performed using Stata 16.0.ResultsA total of 55 RCTs were included, with 42 reporting delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), 36 reporting jump performance (JUMP), and 30 reporting creatine kinase (CK) levels. Network meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, MD-MT-CWI: Medium-duration medium-temperature cold water immersion (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) [SMD = -1.45, 95%CI(-2.13, -0.77), P < 0.01] and MD-LT-CWI: Medium-duration low-temperature cold water immersion (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) [SMD = -1.12, 95%CI(-1.78, -0.47), P = 0.01] significantly reduced DOMS; MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) [SMD = 0.48, 95%CI(0.20, 0.77), P = 0.01] and MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) [SMD = 0.42, 95%CI(0.15, 0.70), P = 0.02] significantly improved JUMP; MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) [SMD = -0.85, 95%CI(-1.36, -0.35), P = 0.01] and MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) [SMD = -0.90, 95%CI(-1.46, -0.34), P = 0.02] significantly reduced CK. Cumulative probability ranking showed that MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) was the most effective for improving JUMP and reducing CK, while MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) was the most effective for reducing DOMS.ConclusionDifferent dosages of cold water immersion (varying in duration and temperature) had different effects on recovery from acute exercise-induced muscle damage. We found that MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) was most effective for improving biochemical markers (CK) and neuromuscular recovery, while MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) was most effective for reducing muscle soreness. In practice, we recommend using MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) and MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) to reduce Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, due to the limitations of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to verify these conclusions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024602359.

Dataset Information

Photobiomodulation by Led Does Not Alter Muscle Recovery Indicators and Presents Similar Outcomes to Cold-Water Immersion and Active Recovery.

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Photobiomodulation by Led Does Not Alter Muscle Recovery Indicators and Presents Similar Outcomes to Cold-Water Immersion and Active Recovery.

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