Medical Emergency During Flight: A Team-Building Exercise.
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ABSTRACT: Introduction
While teams are a central component in health care, many professionals who function in them have had little, if any, formal training on how to develop an effective team. Medical educators and trainers have used many different approaches to teach the basic skills and knowledge of team effectiveness and how team members can best interact with each other. To make team training more realistic, experiential exercises have been used. One of the more popular categories of experiential activities is survival exercises in which team members are given a scenario and required to make decisions that ultimately decide whether the team survives the ordeal.Methods
This activity describes a situation in which a medical professional is traveling on an airliner when a request for medical assistance occurs. Participants can include clinically experienced medical students, residents, fellows, and faculty physicians. The activity can be used as a stand-alone exercise or in conjunction with another team topic, such as communications or decision making. It has also been effective as an icebreaker for teams working together during a workshop.Results
Approximately 100 medical students, residents, and faculty from anesthesia, family medicine, pediatrics, and internal medicine have participated in this activity. It has been very well received and generated a great deal of discussion of both medical knowledge and team-building skills.Discussion
This activity, which can be used to examine team communications, decision making, leadership, and conflict management, is suitable for health care professionals either through intra- or interprofessional training.
SUBMITTER: Pettit J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6342154 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8801864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMedical deserts represent a pressing public health and health systems challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated the gap between people and health services, yet a commonly agreed definition of medical deserts was lacking. This study aims to define medical deserts through a consensus-building exercise, explaining the phenomenon to its full extent, in a manner that can apply to countries and health systems across the globe.MethodsWe used a standard Delphi exercise for the consensus-building process. The first phase consisted of one round of individual online meetings with selected key informants; the second phase comprised two rounds of surveys when a consensus was reached in January 2023. The first phase-the in-depth individual meetings-was organized online. The dimensions to include in the definition of medical deserts were identified, ranked and selected based on their recurrence and importance. The second phase-the surveys-was organized online. Finally, external validation was obtained from stakeholders via email.ResultsThe agreed definition highlight five major dimensions: 'Medical deserts are areas where population healthcare needs are unmet partially or totally due to lack of adequate access or improper quality of healthcare services caused by (i) insufficient human resources in health or (ii) facilities, (iii) long waiting times, (iv) disproportionate high costs of services or (v) other socio-cultural barriers'.ConclusionsThe five dimensions of access to healthcare: (i) insufficient human resources in health or (ii) facilities, (iii) long waiting times, (iv) disproportionate high costs of services and (v) other socio-cultural barriers-ought to be addressed to mitigate medical deserts.
| S-EPMC10567127 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION: Most literature on the medical emergency team (MET) relates to its effects on patient outcome. Less information exists on the most common causes of MET calls or on possible approaches to their management. METHODS: We reviewed the calling criteria and clinical causes of 400 MET calls in a teaching hospital. We propose a set of minimum standards for managing a MET review and developed an approach for managing common problems encountered during MET calls. RESULTS: The underlying reasons for initiating MET calls were hypoxia (41%), hypotension (28%), altered conscious state (23%), tachycardia (19%), increased respiratory rate (14%) and oliguria (8%). Infection, pulmonary oedema, and arrhythmias featured as prominent causes of all triggers for MET calls. The proposed minimum requirements for managing a MET review included determining the cause of the deterioration, documenting the events surrounding the MET, establishing a medical plan and ongoing medical follow-up, and discussing the case with the intensivist if certain criteria were fulfilled. A systematic approach to managing episodes of MET review was developed based on the acronym 'A to G': ask and assess; begin basic investigations and resuscitation, call for help if needed, discuss, decide, and document, explain aetiology and management, follow-up, and graciously thank staff. This approach was then adapted to provide a management plan for episodes of tachycardia, hypotension, hypoxia and dyspnoea, reduced urinary output, and altered conscious state. CONCLUSION: A suggested approach permits audit and standardization of the management of MET calls and provides an educational framework for the management of acutely unwell ward patients. Further evaluation and validation of the approach are required.
| S-EPMC1550805 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesExplore the function of three specific modes of talk (discourse types) in decision-making processes.DesignTen real-life admissions of patients with critical illness were audio/video recorded and transcribed. Activity-type analysis (a qualitative discourse analytical method) was applied.SettingInterdisciplinary emergency teams admitting patients with critical illness in a Norwegian university hospital emergency department (ED).ParticipantsAll emergency teams consisted of at least two internal medicine physicians, two ED nurses, one anaesthetist and one nurse anaesthetist. The number of healthcare professionals involved in each emergency team varied between 11 and 20, and some individuals were involved with more than one team.ResultsThe three discourse types played significant roles in team decision-making processes when negotiating meaning. Online commentaries (ONC) and metacommentaries (MC) created progression while offline commentaries (OFC) temporarily placed decisions on hold. Both ONC and MC triggered action and distributed tasks, resources and responsibility in the team. OFC sought mutual understanding and created a broader base for decisions.ConclusionA discourse analytical perspective on team talk in medical emergencies illuminates both the dynamics and complexity of teamwork. Here, we draw attention to the way specific modes of talk function in negotiating mutual understanding and distributing tasks and responsibilities in non-algorithm-driven activities. The analysis uncovers a need for an enhanced focus on how language can trigger safe team practice and integrate this knowledge in teamwork training to improve communication skills in ad hoc emergency teams.
| S-EPMC6231597 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pediatric in-patients with tracheostomy (PIT) are at high risk for clinical deterioration. Medical emergency teams (MET) have been developed to identify high-risk patients. This study compared MET activation rates between PITs and the general ward population. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital. The primary outcome (MET activation) was obtained from a database. Between 2008 and 2014, the MET activation rate was significantly higher in the PIT group than the general ward population (14 vs. 2.9 per 100 admissions, p < 0.001). PITs are at significantly higher risk for MET activation. Strategies should be developed to reduce their risk on the wards.
| S-EPMC6978169 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo study characteristics and outcomes associated with emergency response team (ERT) activation in postsurgical patients discharged to regular wards after anesthesia.Patients and methodsWe identified all ERT activations that occurred within 48 hours after surgery from June 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009, in patients discharged from the postanesthesia care unit to regular wards. For each ERT case, up to 2 controls matched for age (±10 years), sex, and type of procedure were identified. A chart review was performed to identify factors that may be associated with ERT activation.ResultsWe identified 181 postoperative ERT calls, 113 (62%) of which occurred within 12 hours of discharge from the postanesthesia care unit, for an incidence of 2 per 1000 anesthetic administrations (0.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the following factors to be associated with increased odds for postoperative ERT activation: preoperative central nervous system comorbidity (odds ratio [OR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-5.32; P=.01), preoperative opioid use (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.30-3.10; P=.002), intraoperative use of phenylephrine infusion (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.08-8.66; P=.04), and increased intraoperative fluid administration (per 500-mL increase, OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P=.03). ERT patients had longer hospital stays, higher complication rates, and increased 30-day mortality compared with controls.ConclusionPreoperative opioid use, history of central neurologic disease, and intraoperative hemodynamic instability are associated with postoperative decompensation requiring ERT intervention. Patients with these clinical characteristics may benefit from discharge to progressive or intensive care units in the early postoperative period.
| S-EPMC3538389 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTimely recognition of warning signs from deteriorating patients and proper treatment are important in improving patient safety. In comparison to the traditional medical emergency team (MET) activation triggered by phone calls, automated activation of MET may minimize activation delays. However, limited data are available on the effects of automated activation systems on the time from derangement to MET activation and on clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of an automated alert and activation system for MET on clinical outcomes in unselected hospitalized patients.MethodsThis is an observational study using prospectively collected data from consecutive patients managed by the MET at a university-affiliated, tertiary hospital from March 2013 to December 2019. The automated alert system automatically calculates the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and subsequently activates MET when the MEWS score is 7 or higher, which was implemented since August 2016. The outcome measures of interest including hospital mortality in patients with MEWS of 7 or higher were compared between pre-implementation and post-implementation groups of the automated alert and activation system in the primary analysis. The association between the implementation of the system and hospital mortality was evaluated with logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 7678 patients who were managed by MET during the study period, 639 patients during the pre-implementation period and 957 patients during the post-implementation period were included in the primary analysis. MET calls due to abnormal physiological variables were more common during the pre-implementation period, while MET calls due to medical staff's worries or concern about the patient's condition were more common during the post-implementation period. The median time from deterioration to MET activation was significantly shortened in the post-implementation period compared to the pre-implementation period (34 min vs. 60 min, P < 0.001). In addition, unplanned ICU admission rates (41.2% vs. 71.8%, P < 0.001) was reduced during the post-implementation period. Hospital mortality was decreased after implementation of the automated alert system (27.2% vs. 38.5%, P < 0.001). The implementation of the automated alert and activation system was associated with decreased risk of death in the multivariable analysis (adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.90).ConclusionsAfter implementing an automated alert and activation system, the time from deterioration to MET activation was shortened and clinical outcomes were improved in hospitalized patients.
| S-EPMC8650341 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives and outcomesTo evaluate the 24hrs before medical emergency team (MET) calls to examine: 1) the frequency, nature, and timing of pre-MET criteria breaches; 2) differences in characteristics and outcomes between patients who did and didn't experience pre-MET breaches.DesignRetrospective observational study November 2020-June 2021.SettingTertiary referral Australian hospital.ParticipantsAdults (≥18 years) experiencing MET calls.ResultsBreaches in pre-MET criteria occurred prior to 1886/2255 (83.6%) MET calls, and 1038/1281 (81.0%) of the first MET calls. Patients with pre-MET breaches were older (median [IQR] 72 [57-81] vs 66 [56-77] yrs), more likely to be admitted from home (87.8% vs 81.9%) and via the emergency department (73.0% vs 50.2%), but less likely to be for full resuscitation after (67.3% vs 76.5%) the MET. The three most common pre-MET breaches were low SpO2 (48.0%), high pulse rate (39.8%), and low systolic blood pressure (29.0%) which were present for a median (IQR) of 15.4 (7.5-20.8), 13.2 (4.3-21.0), and 12.6 (3.5-20.1) hrs before the MET call, respectively. Patients with pre-MET breaches were more likely to need intensive care admission within 24 h (15.6 vs 11.9%), have repeat MET calls (33.3 vs 24.7%), and die in hospital (15.8 vs 9.9%).ConclusionsFour-fifths of MET calls were preceded by pre-MET criteria breaches, which were present for many hours. Such patients were older, had more limits of treatment, and experienced worse outcomes. There is a need to improve goals of care documentation and pre-MET management of clinical deterioration.
| S-EPMC10790013 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveEmergency medical services (EMS) professionals infrequently transport children leading to difficulty in recognition and management of pediatric critical illness. Simulation provides an opportunity to train EMS professionals on pediatric emergencies. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of serial simulation training over 6 months on EMS psychomotor and cognitive performance during team-based care.MethodsThis was a longitudinal prospective study of a simulation curriculum enrolling EMS professionals over a 6-month period during which they performed three high-fidelity simulations at 3-month intervals. The simulation scenarios included a 15-month-old seizure (T0), 1-month-old with hypoglycemia (T1), and 4-year-old clonidine ingestion (T2). All scenarios were standardized and required recognition and management of respiratory failure and decompensated shock. Scenarios were videotaped and two investigators scored EMS team interventions during simulations using a standardized scoring tool. Inter-rater reliability was assessed on 30% of videos using kappa analysis. Volumes of administered intravenous fluid (IVF) and medications were measured to assess for errors in administration. The primary outcome was the change in scenario score from T0 to T2.ResultsA total of 135 team-based simulations were conducted over the study period (48, 40, and 47 at T0, T1, and T2, respectively). Inter-rater reliability between reviewers was very good (κ = 0.7). Median simulation score improved from T0 to T2 (24 vs 31, p < 0.001, maximum score possible = 42). The proportion of completed tasks increased across multiple categories including improved recognition of respiratory decompensation (19% vs. 56%), management of the pediatric airway (44% vs. 88%), and timeliness of vascular access (10% vs. 38%). Correct IVF administration varied by scenario (25% vs. 52% vs. 30%, p = 0.02).ConclusionSerial simulation improved EMS team-based care in both recognition and management of pediatric emergencies. A standardized pediatric simulation curriculum can be used to train EMS professionals on pediatric emergencies and improve performance.
| S-EPMC8166302 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOrganizations of all types require the use of teams. Poor team member engagement costs billions of US dollars annually.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explain how team building can be accomplished with team video gaming based on a team cohesion model enhanced by team flow theory.MethodsIn this controlled experiment, teams were randomly assigned to a team video gaming treatment or a control treatment. Team productivity was measured during both pretreatment and posttreatment team tasks. After the pretest, teams who were involved in the team video gaming treatment competed against other teams by playing the Halo or Rock Band video game for 45 minutes. After the pretest, teams in the control treatment worked alone for 45 minutes. Then, all teams completed the posttest team activity. This same experimental protocol was conducted on 2 different team tasks.ResultsFor both tasks, teams in the team video gaming treatment increased their productivity significantly more (F1=8.760, P=.004) on the posttest task than teams in the control treatment. Our flow-based theoretical model explained team performance improvement more than twice as well (R2=40.6%) than prior related research (R2=18.5%).ConclusionsThe focused immersion caused by team video gaming increased team performance while the enjoyment component of flow decreased team performance on the posttest. Both flow and team cohesion contributed to team performance, with flow contributing more than cohesion. Team video gaming did not increase team cohesion, so team video gaming effects are independent of cohesion. Team video gaming is a valid practical method for developing and improving newly formed teams.
| S-EPMC8715357 | biostudies-literature