Dataset Information

Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats.

ABSTRACT: Background:Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbiota in goats. Nine female goats were used in a triple 3?×?3 Latin Square design (27 d periods). The treatments were: control (untreated rice straw, no added corn oil), rice straw pretreated with urea and nitrate (34 and 4.7?g/kg of rice straw on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively, UN), and UN diet supplemented with corn oil (15?g/kg soybean and 15?g/kg corn were replaced by 30?g/kg corn oil, DM basis, UNCO). Results:Compared with control, UN increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (P?

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6343244 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats.

Zhang Xiumin X Medrano Rodolfo F RF Wang Min M Beauchemin Karen A KA Ma Zhiyuan Z Wang Rong R Wen Jiangnan J Bernard Lukuyu A LA Tan Zhiliang Z

Journal of animal science and biotechnology 20190123

<h4>Background</h4>Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and ...[more]

PMID: 30680191

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Project description:Ruminant methane production is a significant energy loss to the animal and major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. However, it also seems necessary for effective rumen function, so studies of anti-methanogenic treatments must also consider implications for feed efficiency. Between-animal variation in feed efficiency represents an alternative approach to reducing overall methane emissions intensity. Here we assess the effects of dietary additives designed to reduce methane emissions on the rumen microbiota, and explore relationships with feed efficiency within dietary treatment groups. Seventy-nine finishing steers were offered one of four diets (a forage/concentrate mixture supplemented with nitrate (NIT), lipid (MDDG) or a combination (COMB) compared to the control (CTL)). Rumen fluid samples were collected at the end of a 56 d feed efficiency measurement period. DNA was extracted, multiplexed 16s rRNA libraries sequenced (Illumina MiSeq) and taxonomic profiles were generated. The effect of dietary treatments and feed efficiency (within treatment groups) was conducted both overall (using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and diversity indexes) and for individual taxa. Diet affected overall microbial populations but no overall difference in beta-diversity was observed. The relative abundance of Methanobacteriales (Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera) increased in MDDG relative to CTL, whilst VadinCA11 (Methanomassiliicoccales) was decreased. Trimethylamine precursors from rapeseed meal (only present in CTL) probably explain the differences in relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales. There were no differences in Shannon indexes between nominal low or high feed efficiency groups (expressed as feed conversion ratio or residual feed intake) within treatment groups. Relationships between the relative abundance of individual taxa and feed efficiency measures were observed, but were not consistent across dietary treatments.

Project description:This study investigated the long-term effects (13 months) of encapsulated nitrate supplementation (ENS) on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation parameters, ruminal bacteria, and diversity of archaea in grazing beef cattle. We used a total of thirty-two Nellore steers (initial BW of 197 ± 15.3 kg), 12 of which were fitted with rumen cannulas. For 13 months, the animals were maintained in 12 paddocks and fed a concentrate of ground corn, soybean meals, mineral supplements, and urea (URS) or encapsulated nitrate (EN) containing 70 g of EN/100 kg of BW (corresponding to 47 g NO3 -/100 kg BW). Encapsulated nitrate supplementation resulted in similar forage, supplement and total DMI values as URS (P > 0.05), but ENS tended to increase (+48 g/d; P = 0.055) average daily weight gain. Daily reductions in methane emissions (-9.54 g or 18.5%) were observed with ENS when expressed as g of CH4/kg of forage dry matter intake (fDMI) (P = 0.037). Lower concentrations of NH3-N and a higher ruminal pH were observed in ENS groups 6 h after supplementation (P < 0.05). Total VFA rumen concentration 6 h (P = 0.009) and 12 h after supplementation with EN resulted in lower acetate concentrations in the rumen (P = 0.041). Steers supplemented with EN had a greater ruminal abundance of Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Lactobacillus, Selenomonas, Veillonella, Succinimonas, Succinivibrio, and Duganella sp. (P < 0.05), but a lower abundance of Methanobrevibacter sp. (P = 0.007). Strong negative correlations were found between daily methane emissions and Proteobacteria, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Roseburia, Kandleria, Selenomonas, Veillonella, and Succinivibrio sp. (P < 0.05) in the rumen of ENS steers. Encapsulated nitrate is a feed additive that persistently affects enteric methane emission in grazing steers, thereby decreasing Methanobrevibacter abundance in the rumen. In addition, ENS can promote fumarate-reducer and lactate-producer bacteria, thereby reducing acetate production during rumen fermentation.

Dataset Information

Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats.

Publications

Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats.

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