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Survey of suspected dysphagia prevalence in home-dwelling older people using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of suspected dysphagia and its features in both independent and dependent older people living at home. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire was sent to 1,000 independent older people and 2,000 dependent older people living at home in a municipal district of Tokyo, Japan. The participants were selected by stratified randomization according to age and care level. We set the cut-off value of EAT-10 at a score of ?3. The percentage of participants with an EAT-10 score ?3 was defined as the prevalence of suspected dysphagia. The chi-square test was used for analyzing prevalence in each group. Analysis of the distribution of EAT-10 scores, and comparisons among items, age groups, and care levels to identify symptom features were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS:Valid responses were received from 510 independent older people aged 65 years or older (mean age 75.0 ± 7.2) and 886 dependent older people (mean age 82.3 ± 6.7). The prevalences of suspected dysphagia were 25.1% and 53.8%, respectively, and showed significant increases with advancing age and care level. In both groups, many older people assigned high scores to the item about coughing, whereas individuals requiring high-level care assigned higher scores to the items about not only coughing but also swallowing of solids and quality of life. CONCLUSION:In independent people, approximately one in four individuals showed suspected dysphagia and coughing was the most perceivable symptom. In dependent people, approximately one in two individuals showed suspected dysphagia and their specifically perceivable symptoms were coughing, difficulties in swallowing solids and psychological burden.

SUBMITTER: Igarashi K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6343899 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Survey of suspected dysphagia prevalence in home-dwelling older people using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

Igarashi Kumi K Kikutani Takeshi T Tamura Fumiyo F

PloS one 20190123 1

<h4>Objective</h4>This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of suspected dysphagia and its features in both independent and dependent older people living at home.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>The 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire was sent to 1,000 independent older people and 2,000 dependent older people living at home in a municipal district of Tokyo, Japan. The participants were selected by stratified randomization according to age and care level. We set the cu ...[more]

PMID: 30673750

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) is increasingly used to screen for self-perceived oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in community-dwelling elders. A summated EAT-10 total score ranges from 0 to 40, with a score???3 indicative of OD. When using cut-points of a summated score, important requirements for the measurements are specific objectivity, validity, and reliability. Analysis by the Rasch model allows investigation of whether scales like EAT-10 satisfy these requirements. Currently, a few studies have found that EAT-10 responses from clinical populations with OD do not adequately fit the Rasch model. PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to determine whether measurements by EAT-10 fit the Rasch model when applied in screening self-perceived OD in non-clinical populations. METHODS:Secondary analysis was conducted on data from a cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling elders living in a municipal district of Tokyo, Japan, in which 1875 respondents completed the Japanese version of EAT-10 (J-EAT-10). Data were cleaned and recoded for the purpose of the analysis in this study, which resulted in inclusion of J-EAT-10 responses from 1144 respondents. Data were analyzed using RUMM2030 and included overall model fit, reliability, unidimensionality, threshold ordering, individual item and person fits, differential item functioning, local item dependency, and targeting. RESULTS:The analysis identified that the response categories from zero to four were not used as intended and did not display monotonicity, which necessitated reducing the five categories to three. Considerable floor effect was demonstrated and there was an inappropriate match between items' and respondents' estimates. The person separation reliability (PSI?=?0.65) was inadequate, indicating that it is not possible to differentiate between different levels of OD. Several items displayed misfit with the Rasch model, and there were local item dependency and several redundant items. CONCLUSIONS:J-EAT-10 performed less than optimally and exhibited substantial floor effect, low reliability, a rating scale not working as intended, and several redundant items. Different improvement strategies failed to resolve the identified problems. Use of J-EAT-10 in population-based surveys cannot therefore be recommended. For such purpose, alternative screening tools of self-perceived OD should be chosen or a new one should be developed and validated.

Project description:BackgroundThe 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is a commonly used tool to assess eating disorder risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 with a combined sample: (1) of adults with overweight and obesity enrolled in a behavioral weight loss program and (2) general adult sample (n = 469; age = 36.17 ± 17.83 years; female = 72.5%; white = 66.3%; obese BMI category = 58%).MethodsRasch modeling was used to assess model-data fit, create an item-person map to evaluate relative distribution items and persons, item difficulty, and person's eating disorder (ED) risk level of the EAT-26. Differential item functioning (DIF) and rating scale functioning of the EAT-26 were also evaluated using Rasch analysis.ResultsA total of 7 misfit items were removed from the final analysis due to unacceptable Infit and Outfit mean square residual values. The item-person map showed that the items were biased toward participants with moderate to high levels of ED risk and did not cover those who had low risk for having an ED (< - 1 logits). The DIF analyses results showed that none of the items functioned differently across sex, but 5 items were flagged based on obesity status. The six-category Likert-type rating scale did not function well indicating a different response format may be needed.ConclusionSeveral concerns were identified with the psychometric evaluation of the EAT-26 that may question its utility in assessing ED risk in individuals at low risk for ED, within samples of people who have overweight and obesity seeking weight loss treatment. The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test is a self-rated measure of eating attitudes that measures symptoms and concerns of eating disorders (ED). Very little is known about how this instrument performs differently based on individual factors like body mass index (BMI) and sex (male/female). We used an advanced measurement theory (i.e., Rasch analysis) to determine if the EAT-26 is an adequate measure to detect disordered eating in men and women of different BMIs. Results indicated that the EAT-26 was biased toward participants with moderate to high levels of disordered eating risk and did not adequately detect individuals at low risk for disordered eating. The EAT-26 did not function differently based on sex (male/female). However, five questions did function differently based on obesity status (those without obesity/ those with obesity). Finally, we observed the six-category rating scale did not function appropriately and that a new response format may be warranted. In sum, there were several issues (e.g., poor rating scale and different item functioning) with the EAT-26 and future work should develop screening tools that detect low risk of disordered eating as well as function well in adults with overweight and obesity.

Project description:BackgroundHypoglycaemia is associated with cognitive and functional decline in older people with diabetes. Identification of individuals at risk and prevention of hypoglycaemia is therefore an important task in the management of diabetes in older home-dwelling individuals. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature on hypoglycaemia in home-dwelling older people with diabetes.MethodsThis scoping review included original research articles on hypoglycaemia in older (≥ 65 years) individuals with diabetes from developed countries. A broad search of the databases Cinahl, Embase and Medline was performed in July 2018. The report of the scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.ResultsOur database search identified 577 articles of which 23 were eligible for inclusion. The identified literature was within four areas: 1) incidence of hypoglycaemia in older home-dwelling people with diabetes (11/23 articles), 2) risk factors of hypoglycaemia (9/23), 3) diabetes knowledge and self-management (6/23) and 4) consequences of hypoglycaemia for health care use (6/23). The majority of the literature focused on severe hypoglycaemia and the emergency situation. The literature on diabetes knowledge and management related to preventing adverse events relevant to older home-dwellers, was limited. We found no literature on long-term consequences of hypoglycaemia for the use of home health care services and the older persons' ability to remain home-dwelling.ConclusionsWe identified a lack of studies on prevention and management of hypoglycaemia in the older individuals' homes. Such knowledge is of utmost importance in the current situation where most western countries' governmental policies aim to treat and manage complex health conditions in the patient's home. Future studies addressing hypoglycaemia in older individuals with diabetes are needed in order to tailor interventions aiming to enable them to remain home-dwelling as long as possible.

Project description:Background There is a scarcity of validated rapid dietary screening tools for patient use in the clinical setting to improve health and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 measures compliance with the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans but requires completion of an extensive diet assessment to compute, which is time consuming and impractical. The authors hypothesize that a 19-item dietary survey assessing consumption of common food groups known to affect health will be correlated with the HEI-2015 assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and can be further reduced without affecting validity. Methods and Results A 19-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT) of common food groups was created through literature review and expert consensus. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted in adult participants from a preventive cardiology clinic or cardiac rehabilitation and in healthy volunteers (n=661, mean age, 36 years; 76% women). Participants completed an online 156-item food frequency questionnaire, which was used to calculate the HEI score using standard methods. The association between each EAT question and HEI group was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Linear regression models were subsequently used to identify univariable and multivariable predictors for HEI score for further reduction in the number of items. The final 9-item model of Mini-EAT was validated by 5-fold cross validation. The 19-item EAT had a strong correlation with the HEI score (r=0.73) and was subsequently reduced to the 9 items independently predictive of the HEI score: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, fish or seafood, legumes/nuts/seeds, low-fat dairy, high-fat dairy, and sweets consumption, without affecting the predictive ability of the tool (r=0.71). Conclusions Mini-EAT is a 9-item validated brief dietary screener that correlates well with a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire. Future studies to test the Mini-EAT's validity in diverse populations and for development of clinical decision support systems to capture changes over time are needed.

Dataset Information

Survey of suspected dysphagia prevalence in home-dwelling older people using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

Publications

Survey of suspected dysphagia prevalence in home-dwelling older people using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

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