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The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study.


ABSTRACT:

Background and aims

Large clades of angiosperms are often characterized by diverse interactions with pollinators, but how these pollination systems are structured phylogenetically and biogeographically is still uncertain for most families. Apocynaceae is a clade of >5300 species with a worldwide distribution. A database representing >10 % of species in the family was used to explore the diversity of pollinators and evolutionary shifts in pollination systems across major clades and regions.

Methods

The database was compiled from published and unpublished reports. Plants were categorized into broad pollination systems and then subdivided to include bimodal systems. These were mapped against the five major divisions of the family, and against the smaller clades. Finally, pollination systems were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction that included those species for which sequence data are available, and transition rates between pollination systems were calculated.

Key results

Most Apocynaceae are insect pollinated with few records of bird pollination. Almost three-quarters of species are pollinated by a single higher taxon (e.g. flies or moths); 7 % have bimodal pollination systems, whilst the remaining approx. 20 % are insect generalists. The less phenotypically specialized flowers of the Rauvolfioids are pollinated by a more restricted set of pollinators than are more complex flowers within the Apocynoids + Periplocoideae + Secamonoideae + Asclepiadoideae (APSA) clade. Certain combinations of bimodal pollination systems are more common than others. Some pollination systems are missing from particular regions, whilst others are over-represented.

Conclusions

Within Apocynaceae, interactions with pollinators are highly structured both phylogenetically and biogeographically. Variation in transition rates between pollination systems suggest constraints on their evolution, whereas regional differences point to environmental effects such as filtering of certain pollinators from habitats. This is the most extensive analysis of its type so far attempted and gives important insights into the diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large clades.

SUBMITTER: Ollerton J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6344220 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study.

Ollerton Jeff J   Liede-Schumann Sigrid S   Endress Mary E ME   Meve Ulrich U   Rech André Rodrigo AR   Shuttleworth Adam A   Keller Héctor A HA   Fishbein Mark M   Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O LO   Amorim Felipe W FW   Bernhardt Peter P   Celep Ferhat F   Chirango Yolanda Y   Chiriboga-Arroyo Fidel F   Civeyrel Laure L   Cocucci Andrea A   Cranmer Louise L   da Silva-Batista Inara Carolina IC   de Jager Linde L   Deprá Mariana Scaramussa MS   Domingos-Melo Arthur A   Dvorsky Courtney C   Agostini Kayna K   Freitas Leandro L   Gaglianone Maria Cristina MC   Galetto Leo L   Gilbert Mike M   González-Ramírez Ixchel I   Gorostiague Pablo P   Goyder David D   Hachuy-Filho Leandro L   Heiduk Annemarie A   Howard Aaron A   Ionta Gretchen G   Islas-Hernández Sofia C SC   Johnson Steven D SD   Joubert Lize L   Kaiser-Bunbury Christopher N CN   Kephart Susan S   Kidyoo Aroonrat A   Koptur Suzanne S   Koschnitzke Cristiana C   Lamborn Ellen E   Livshultz Tatyana T   Machado Isabel Cristina IC   Marino Salvador S   Mema Lumi L   Mochizuki Ko K   Morellato Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira LPC   Mrisha Chediel K CK   Muiruri Evalyne W EW   Nakahama Naoyuki N   Nascimento Viviany Teixeira VT   Nuttman Clive C   Oliveira Paulo Eugenio PE   Peter Craig I CI   Punekar Sachin S   Rafferty Nicole N   Rapini Alessandro A   Ren Zong-Xin ZX   Rodríguez-Flores Claudia I CI   Rosero Liliana L   Sakai Shoko S   Sazima Marlies M   Steenhuisen Sandy-Lynn SL   Tan Ching-Wen CW   Torres Carolina C   Trøjelsgaard Kristian K   Ushimaru Atushi A   Vieira Milene Faria MF   Wiemer Ana Pía AP   Yamashiro Tadashi T   Nadia Tarcila T   Queiroz Joel J   Quirino Zelma Z  

Annals of botany 20190101 2


<h4>Background and aims</h4>Large clades of angiosperms are often characterized by diverse interactions with pollinators, but how these pollination systems are structured phylogenetically and biogeographically is still uncertain for most families. Apocynaceae is a clade of >5300 species with a worldwide distribution. A database representing >10 % of species in the family was used to explore the diversity of pollinators and evolutionary shifts in pollination systems across major clades and region  ...[more]

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