Dataset Information

Impact of chronic khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study.

ABSTRACT: Background:Chronic consumption of khat affects many organ systems and leads to various health disturbances in the chewers. Few studies examined the acute effects of khat ingestion on lung function parameters. However, studies which assessed the long-term effects of khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation are lacking. Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chronic Khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation among chronic Khat chewers in Wolkite, Ethiopia. Methods:A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Wolkite, Ethiopia from 1 June 2018 to 15 August 2018. A total of 324 participants, 162 khat chewers and 162 non-chewers were included in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interview by trained data collectors. British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms. A spirometer was used to assess various lung function parameters. Moreover, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin was measured using pulse oximeter. Data were entered into CSPro version 6.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results:This study showed statistically significant (p?

SUBMITTER: Woldeamanuel GG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6348536 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of chronic khat (<i>Catha edulis</i> Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study.

Woldeamanuel Gashaw Garedew GG Geta Teshome Gensa TG

SAGE open medicine 20190111

<h4>Background</h4>Chronic consumption of khat affects many organ systems and leads to various health disturbances in the chewers. Few studies examined the acute effects of khat ingestion on lung function parameters. However, studies which assessed the long-term effects of khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation are lacking.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chronic Khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation am ...[more]

PMID: 30719292

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Project description:The use of khat (Catha edulis) and alcohol during pregnancy is a serious public health problem that has been associated with a number of harmful outcomes for both the fetus and the mother's health. There has been no systematic review with meta-analysis to determine risk factors associated with khat and alcohol use among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and risk factors of khat and alcohol use during pregnancy in Ethiopia. This review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol ID: CRD42023395115. Studies identified from PubMed, Google Scholar, the WHO African Index Medicus, the Cochrane Library, African Journal Online, and Science Direct. Articles published from January 1, 2000 to February 10, 2023 were included. We searched for articles that included any combination of the following key terms: "khat", "qat", "alcohol", "ethanol", "prevalence", "factors", "pregnant" and "Ethiopia". Two reviewers worked independently to screen studies and extract data. A funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to test publication bias. A forest plot was used to present the pooled prevalence and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random effect model. I2 metrics were used to assess heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was carried out with Stata 14.0 software. Nine hundred sixty-two records were retrieved from different sources, and 23 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of khat use and alcohol drinking during pregnancy was 26.6% (95% CI 17.8, 35.5) and 31.65% (95% CI: 21.8, 41.5), respectively. Partner khat use (OR 5.9 [95% CI (2.4, 14.5)]) was associated factor for khat use during pregnancy. Low educational level (OR 2.54 [95% CI (1.8, 3.5)]), pre-pregnancy alcohol use (OR 3.5 [95% CI (2.6, 4.7)]), unplanned pregnancy (OR 2.7 [95% CI (1.8, 4.0)]), history of abortion (OR 2.3 [95% CI (1.4, 3.7)]), poor social support (OR 3.3 [95% CI (2.0, 5.3)]), and mental distress (OR 2.6 [95% CI (2.0, 3.3)]) were associated factors for alcohol drinking during pregnancy. This review indicated that the magnitude of khat and alcohol use during pregnancy in Ethiopia was high. Targeted interventions for groups of pregnant women at high risk of khat and alcohol use are urgently needed. Community-based health education interventions and point-of-sale warnings are essential to reduce the burden. Future studies should consider the influence of community-level factors on khat and alcohol use during pregnancy.

Project description:BackgroundKhat is amphetamine-like substance commonly consumed by students when they wish to study for long hours especially during examination periods. Khat consumption is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular problems, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, periodontal disease, gastritis, poor oral hygiene, psychosis, decreased quality of life, and poor academic performance.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS were systematically searched without restriction by publication status. Publications were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria. Twenty-five articles were included. Random effect model was used to calculate weighted prevalence, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). We assessed the risk of publication bias by using funnel plot and Eggers's regression tests.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of current khat use among university students was 14.16% (95% CI; 11.87-16.81). The pooled prevalence of current khat use was highest in Saudi Arabia 18.85% and it was 13.59% in Ethiopia and 13.04% in Yemen. In addition, the current pooled prevalence of khat use was higher in men at 19.26% than in women 6.41%. Regarding lifetime khat use, in this study, the pooled prevalence of lifetime khat use was 27.31%. The lifetime prevalence was higher in men at 31.47% than in women 11.79%. Moreover, the lifetime prevalence of khat use was 43.27% in Yemen, 37.32% in Saudi Arabia, and 24.82% in Ethiopia. We found significantly increased odds of current (OR 3.59; 95%CI 2.01-6.41) as well as lifetime (OR 3.48; 95%CI 2.09-5.78) khat chewing in men as compared to women.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of current and lifetime khat consumption was 14.16 and 27.31%, respectively. Both the current and lifetime prevalence of khat use was higher in men than in women. In addition, both the current and lifetime prevalence estimates of khat consumption were low in Ethiopia than in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the odds of both current and lifetime khat consumption were higher in male students than in female students. Programmes that specifically aim at increasing awareness and that most motivate reduced khat consumption among university students were recommended.

Project description:BackgroundThe burdens of psychostimulant use disorders are becoming a worldwide problem. One of the psychostimulants widely consumed in Ethiopia and East African countries is Catha edulis Forsk (khat). However, no studies have been conducted on the cognitive effects of khat and its correlation with serum electrolytes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of khat on spatial learning and memory and their correlation with serum electrolytes.Materials and methodsDiethyl ether and chloroform (3:1v/v ratio) were solvents used to obtain the crude khat extract in this study. T80W was used to prepare the khat juice, fresh khat leave extract. The rats were received crude khat extract subchronically (KESC) (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg b.w), khat juice (KHJ 2.5 mL/kg), 2% tween 80 in distilled water (T80W- v/v, vehicle) and khat extract subacutely (KESA) (300 mg/kg). For subchronic treatment, each rat was administered for twelve weeks before Morris water maze experiment has been started, while it was administered for a week for acute treatment. Spatial learning and memory were measured using the Morris water maze model and serum sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride were evaluated using Cobas 6000.ResultsSpatial learning was improved with trials across the groups, while average escape latency (s) of rats received KESC 200 mg/kg (p<0.001), KESC 300 mg/kg (p<0.01) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg (p<0.05) was significantly greater than rats that received vehicle. There was no significant difference in the latency between rats that received KESA 300mg/kg and vehicle (p>0.05). Thigmotaxis was significantly higher in rats that received all doses of khat extract (p<0.001). The time spent in the target quadrant in rats that received KESC 300 mg/kg was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Serum calcium level was inversely correlated with the escape latency (R = -0.417, p<0.05) in rats that received khat.ConclusionsKhat extract and juice administered subchronically, but not subacutely, impaired learning and memory and was associated with serum calcium reduction. The neuronal basis for such alteration should be investigated.

Dataset Information

Impact of chronic khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study.

Publications

Impact of chronic khat (<i>Catha edulis</i> Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study.

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