Dataset Information

User Models for Personalized Physical Activity Interventions: Scoping Review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Fitness devices have spurred the development of apps that aim to motivate users, through interventions, to increase their physical activity (PA). Personalization in the interventions is essential as the target users are diverse with respect to their activity levels, requirements, preferences, and behavior.

Objective

This review aimed to (1) identify different kinds of personalization in interventions for promoting PA among any type of user group, (2) identify user models used for providing personalization, and (3) identify gaps in the current literature and suggest future research directions.

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken by searching the databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The main inclusion criteria were (1) studies that aimed to promote PA; (2) studies that had personalization, with the intention of promoting PA through technology-based interventions; and (3) studies that described user models for personalization.

Results

The literature search resulted in 49 eligible studies. Of these, 67% (33/49) studies focused solely on increasing PA, whereas the remaining studies had other objectives, such as maintaining healthy lifestyle (8 studies), weight loss management (6 studies), and rehabilitation (2 studies). The reviewed studies provide personalization in 6 categories: goal recommendation, activity recommendation, fitness partner recommendation, educational content, motivational content, and intervention timing. With respect to the mode of generation, interventions were found to be semiautomated or automatic. Of these, the automatic interventions were either knowledge-based or data-driven or both. User models in the studies were constructed with parameters from 5 categories: PA profile, demographics, medical data, behavior change technique (BCT) parameters, and contextual information. Only 27 of the eligible studies evaluated the interventions for improvement in PA, and 16 of these concluded that the interventions to increase PA are more effective when they are personalized.

Conclusions

This review investigates personalization in the form of recommendations or feedback for increasing PA. On the basis of the review and gaps identified, research directions for improving the efficacy of personalized interventions are proposed. First, data-driven prediction techniques can facilitate effective personalization. Second, use of BCTs in automated interventions, and in combination with PA guidelines, are yet to be explored, and preliminary studies in this direction are promising. Third, systems with automated interventions also need to be suitably adapted to serve specific needs of patients with clinical conditions. Fourth, previous user models focus on single metric evaluations of PA instead of a potentially more effective, holistic, and multidimensional view. Fifth, with the widespread adoption of activity monitoring devices and mobile phones, personalized and dynamic user models can be created using available user data, including users' social profile. Finally, the long-term effects of such interventions as well as the technology medium used for the interventions need to be evaluated rigorously.

SUBMITTER: Ghanvatkar S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6352015 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

User Models for Personalized Physical Activity Interventions: Scoping Review.

Ghanvatkar Suparna S Kankanhalli Atreyi A Rajan Vaibhav V

JMIR mHealth and uHealth 20190116 1

<h4>Background</h4>Fitness devices have spurred the development of apps that aim to motivate users, through interventions, to increase their physical activity (PA). Personalization in the interventions is essential as the target users are diverse with respect to their activity levels, requirements, preferences, and behavior.<h4>Objective</h4>This review aimed to (1) identify different kinds of personalization in interventions for promoting PA among any type of user group, (2) identify user model ...[more]

PMID: 30664474

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Project description:BackgroundAn inverse relationship exists between physical activity and many non-communicable diseases, such as obesity. Given the daily time spent, a logical domain to reach an adult population for intervention is within and around the workplace. Many government bodies, including the World Health Organization (WHO), include worksite health promotions (WHPs) targeted at increasing physical activity as a public health intervention. The aim of this scoping review was to determine what was measured (outcomes) and how they were measured (evaluation tools) during workplace physical activity interventions in order to identify gaps and implications for policies and practice.MethodsA scoping review was executed in April 2017 via PubMed, SPORTDiscus, EBSCOhost and the Cochrane Library. This search included articles published between January 2008 to February 2017 in order to coincide with the WHO's Global Plan of Action on Worker's Health. Extracted information was arranged into data collection grids. Cross-analysis of measured outcomes with their corresponding evaluation tools was completed. A quality assessment based on study design was executed.ResultsIdentification of 732 records was made and ultimately 20 studies and reviews that met criteria were selected. Researchers themed 9 primary measured outcomes. Studies utilized various forms of both objective and subjective evaluation methods. Three primary evaluation methods were categorized: biologic, electronic and declarative tools. The researchers discovered 92 unique tools: 27 objective and 65 subjective, within these parameters.ConclusionStudy quality, measurement tools and data collection were heterogeneous making analysis of effect comparisons problematic and unreliable. Much of the published research does not employ robust statistical analysis making effects difficult to ascertain. Considering the variety of both measured outcomes and evaluation tools, only educated inferences can be made as to the effectiveness and efficiency of WHPs. More standardized measurement practices are therefore suggested for assessment efficiency.

Project description:BackgroundWhile many digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been found to be efficacious, patient engagement with DMHIs has increasingly emerged as a concern for implementation in real-world clinical settings. To address engagement, we must first understand what standard engagement levels are in the context of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and how these compare with other treatments.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to examine the state of reporting on intervention engagement in RCTs of mobile app-based interventions intended to treat symptoms of depression. We sought to identify what engagement metrics are and are not routinely reported as well as what the metrics that are reported reflect about standard engagement levels.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of 7 databases to identify studies meeting our eligibility criteria, namely, RCTs that evaluated use of a mobile app-based intervention in adults, for which depressive symptoms were a primary outcome of interest. We then extracted 2 kinds of information from each article: intervention details and indices of DMHI engagement. A 5-element framework of minimum necessary DMHI engagement reporting was derived by our team and guided our data extraction. This framework included (1) recommended app use as communicated to participants at enrollment and, when reported, app adherence criteria; (2) rate of intervention uptake among those assigned to the intervention; (3) level of app use metrics reported, specifically number of uses and time spent using the app; (4) duration of app use metrics (ie, weekly use patterns); and (5) number of intervention completers.ResultsDatabase searching yielded 2083 unique records. Of these, 22 studies were eligible for inclusion. Only 64% (14/22) of studies included in this review specified rate of intervention uptake. Level of use metrics was only reported in 59% (13/22) of the studies reviewed. Approximately one-quarter of the studies (5/22, 23%) reported duration of use metrics. Only half (11/22, 50%) of the studies reported the number of participants who completed the app-based components of the intervention as intended or other metrics related to completion. Findings in those studies reporting metrics related to intervention completion indicated that between 14.4% and 93.0% of participants randomized to a DMHI condition completed the intervention as intended or according to a specified adherence criteria.ConclusionsFindings suggest that engagement was underreported and widely varied. It was not uncommon to see completion rates at or below 50% (11/22) of those participants randomized to a treatment condition or to simply see completion rates not reported at all. This variability in reporting suggests a failure to establish sufficient reporting standards and limits the conclusions that can be drawn about level of engagement with DMHIs. Based on these findings, the 5-element framework applied in this review may be useful as a minimum necessary standard for DMHI engagement reporting.

Project description:IntroductionScarcity of resources and mounting pressures on health systems make it critical to evaluate new and existing public health interventions related to physical activity and nutrition. The Social Return on Investment (SROI) framework has gained prominence for capturing traditional variables such as economic costs and returns, as well as wider beneficial social and environmental outcomes. A scoping review was conducted to present the existing evidence on the SROI of physical activity and nutrition interventions, demonstrating the wider benefits of these interventions.MethodologyExisting peer-reviewed evidence and grey literature was collated to identify physical activity and nutrition interventions that were evaluated using the SROI framework between January 1996 up until February 2022. Only literature published in the English language, interventions that were conducted in high-income countries were considered for inclusion. Study information and economic data was entered into a pre-prepared data extraction sheet and eligible studies were quality assessed using a 12-point quality assessment framework for SROI studies.ResultsThis review identified a total of 21 SROI studies, with only four deriving from peer-reviewed literature sources. In total, 18 studies evaluated physical activity interventions, one study was purely focused on nutrition, whereas the two remaining studies presented a mix of physical activity and nutrition. The majority of studies derived from the United Kingdom (n = 16) with very few of the studies published prior to 2010 (n = 1). In total, four studies were classified as low quality based on the 12-point quality assessment framework used for this review. Outcomes of the relevant studies show that the benefits of these interventions have added value to families, communities and the wider environments of the target groups.ConclusionThis scoping review is adding to research conducted to understand the wider value of public health interventions such as physical activity and nutrition interventions using the SROI framework. This is important so that the development and implementation of public health interventions have the greatest value to people and society, which also benefits decision-makers to effectively and sustainably allocate scarce resources.

Project description:IntroductionTechnology-mediated self-guided interventions (TMSGIs) for addictive disorders represent promising adjuncts and alternatives to traditional treatment approaches (eg, face-to-face psychotherapy). However, meaningful evaluation of such interventions remains elusive given the lack of consistent terminology and application. Preliminary findings suggest that TMSGIs are useful but engagement remains modest for various reasons reported by users, including lack of personalisation. The aim of this review is to explore how TMSGIs have been defined and applied in addictions populations with an emphasis on technical and logistical features associated with greater user engagement.Methods and analysisThis scoping review protocol was developed in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Articles from electronic databases (ie, PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE and CINAHL) will be included if they targeted adolescents or adults with one or more substance or behavioural addictions, excessive behaviours or aspects thereof (eg, cravings) using a privately accessible technology-mediated intervention. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for relevance before commencing full-text reviews. Extracted data will be presented in descriptive, tabular and graphical summaries as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval is not required for this study. Review findings will be used to guide the development of preliminary recommendations for real-time addiction intervention development and provision. Emphasis will be placed on practical considerations of user engagement, accessibility, usability and cost. Knowledge users, including clinicians, researchers and people with lived experience, will be engaged for development of one such intervention following publication of review findings.RegistrationThis scoping review was registered with the Open Science Framework on 15 April 2022 and can be located at http://www.osf.io/3utp9/.

Project description:BackgroundA growing number of lifestyle interventions are being developed to promote weight loss and adoption of a healthful lifestyles among breast cancer survivors; yet Black and Latina women remain underrepresented.PurposeWe performed a scoping review of the available peer-reviewed literature to describe and compare the content, design, methods, and primary outcomes of current diet and/or physical activity (PA) interventions after a breast cancer diagnosis among Black and Latina women.MethodsWe queried PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to October 1, 2022, to identify all randomized controlled trials of diet and/or PA after diagnosis of breast cancer with a majority (>50%) of Black or Latina participants.ResultsTwenty-two randomized controlled trials were included in this review (five efficacy, twelve pilot, five on-going). Nine trials were among Latinas (two diet, four PA, and three diet/PA), six among Blacks (one PA and five diet/PA) and seven included both populations (five PA and two diet/PA), all of which examined different endpoints. Two of the five efficacy studies achieved their a priori outcome (one diet trial improved short term dietary intake; one PA trial achieved clinically significant improvements in metabolic syndrome score), both in Latinas. Eight pilot trials intervened on both diet and PA and three of them found favorable behavioral changes. Three (two for Latinas and one for Blacks) out of the nine diet and PA trials and three (all for Latinas) efficacy trials incorporated a culturally focused approach (i.e., traditional foods, music, Spanish content, bicultural health coaches, spirituality). Overall, four trials, including one efficacy trial, had one-year follow-up data, with three finding sustained behavior change. Electronic/mobile components were incorporated in five trials and one involved informal care givers. Most of the trials were geographically limited to the Northeast USA (n=8, NY, NC, DC, NJ) and Texas (n=4).ConclusionsMost of the trials we identified were pilot or feasibility studies and of short duration, demonstrating the need for large randomized controlled efficacy lifestyle interventions among Black and Latina breast cancer survivors. Culturally tailored programing was limited but is an important component to incorporate in future trials in these populations.

Project description:BackgroundSeveral reviews of mobile health (mHealth) physical activity (PA) interventions suggest their beneficial effects on behavior change in adolescents and adults. Owing to the ubiquitous presence of smartphones, their use in mHealth PA interventions seems obvious; nevertheless, there are gaps in the literature on the evaluation reporting processes and best practices of such interventions.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this review is to analyze the development and evaluation trajectory of smartphone-based mHealth PA interventions and to review systematic theory- and evidence-based practices and methods that are implemented along this trajectory. The secondary objective is to identify the range of evidence (both quantitative and qualitative) available on smartphone-based mHealth PA interventions to provide a comprehensive tabular and narrative review of the available literature in terms of its nature, features, and volume.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative studies examining smartphone-based PA interventions published between 2008 and 2018. In line with scoping review guidelines, studies were not rejected based on their research design or quality. This review, therefore, includes experimental and descriptive studies, as well as reviews addressing smartphone-based mHealth interventions aimed at promoting PA in all age groups (with a subanalysis conducted for adolescents). Two groups of studies were additionally included: reviews or content analyses of PA trackers and meta-analyses exploring behavior change techniques and their efficacy.ResultsIncluded articles (N=148) were categorized into 10 groups: commercial smartphone app content analyses, smartphone-based intervention review studies, activity tracker content analyses, activity tracker review studies, meta-analyses of PA intervention studies, smartphone-based intervention studies, qualitative formative studies, app development descriptive studies, qualitative follow-up studies, and other related articles. Only 24 articles targeted children or adolescents (age range: 5-19 years). There is no agreed evaluation framework or taxonomy to code or report smartphone-based PA interventions. Researchers did not state the coding method, used various evaluation frameworks, or used different versions of behavior change technique taxonomies. In addition, there is no consensus on the best behavior change theory or model that should be used in smartphone-based interventions for PA promotion. Commonly reported systematic practices and methods have been successfully identified. They include PA recommendations, trial designs (randomized controlled trials, experimental trials, and rapid design trials), mixed methods data collection (surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions), scales to assess app quality, and industry-recognized reporting guidelines.ConclusionsSmartphone-based mHealth interventions aimed at promoting PA showed promising results for behavior change. Although there is a plethora of published studies on the adult target group, the number of studies and consequently the evidence base for adolescents is limited. Overall, the efficacy of smartphone-based mHealth PA interventions can be considerably improved through a more systematic approach of developing, reporting, and coding of the interventions.

Dataset Information

User Models for Personalized Physical Activity Interventions: Scoping Review.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

User Models for Personalized Physical Activity Interventions: Scoping Review.

Similar Datasets

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