Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rutjes AW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6353240 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC6378925 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesEarly diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for early interventions. Symptoms of depression could represent a prodromal stage of AD. Very early mood alterations may help to stratify those at highest risk of late-life AD. We aim to investigate associations between baseline/longitudinal scores for depression, presence of cognitive impairment and/or AD pathology at death.Methods/designBetween 1991 and 2015, participants from The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age underwent 10 waves of assessment using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). AD pathology at death was evaluated in 106 eligible cases. Analyses aimed to examine associations between GDS scores, cognitive status and AD pathology (as measured by Braak stage, Thal phase and CERAD).ResultsBaseline GDS scores were significantly higher for those cognitively impaired at death than those cognitively normal. Significantly higher baseline GDS scores were found for those with greater Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) scores than those with lower CERAD scores. Similarly, significantly higher baseline GDS scores were found for those with a greater Braak stage than those with lower tau burden. These correlations remained after controlling for age at death, education and APOE ε4, but were less robust. Mean longitudinal GDS scores associated with cognition but not pathology.ConclusionsGDS scores collected approximately 20 years before death were associated with cognitive status and AD pathology at death. We postulate that early AD-related pathological change produces raised GDS scores due to an overlapping neural basis with depression, and that this may be considered as an early diagnostic marker for AD.
| S-EPMC8048934 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intervention studies with active B vitamin supplementation in cognitively impaired individuals have yielded varying results in randomized controlled trials. In addition, a negative interaction of active B vitamin supplementation with aspirin usage on cognitive outcome was noted, but the molecular basis of the interaction has largely remained unknown. To investigate the metabolic basis of cognitive improvement brought about by active B vitamin supplementation, we conducted an extensive metabolomics analysis covering 302 identified metabolites on the baseline and 24-month serum samples from a cohort of 137 subjects randomly assigned to active supplementation or placebo. Pathway analysis uncovered enhanced gluconeogenesis and War-burg effects underlying cognitive improvement in non-aspirin users supplemented with active B vitamins. In addition, metabolomics revealed that aspirin usage may interact with B vitamin supplementation by altering gut microbial metabolism, particularly in terms of propionate production. Lastly, our omics data suggest that varying capacities to assimilate B vitamins at baseline, possibly mediated by differences in gut microbial composition, may underlie variations in inter-individual responses to active B vitamin supplementation.
| S-EPMC9091598 | biostudies-literature
Project description:With aging, the incidence of neuropathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases increases in the brains of cognitively healthy individuals. It is currently unclear to what extent these hallmarks associate with symptoms of disease at extreme ages. Forty centenarians from the 100-plus Study cohort donated their brain. Centenarians self-reported to be cognitively healthy at baseline, which was confirmed by a proxy. Objective ante-mortem measurements of cognitive performance were associated with the prevalence, distribution and quantity of age- and AD-related neuropathological hallmarks. Despite self-reported cognitive health, objective neuropsychological testing suggested varying levels of ante-mortem cognitive functioning. Post-mortem, we found that neuropathological hallmarks related to age and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Aβ and Tau pathology, as well as atherosclerosis, were abundantly present in most or all centenarians, whereas Lewy body and pTDP-43 pathology were scarce. We observed that increased pathology loads correlated across pathology subtypes, and an overall trend of higher pathology loads to associate with a lower cognitive test performance. This trend was carried especially by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) and to a lesser extent by Aβ-associated pathologies. Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) specifically associated with lower executive functioning in the centenarians. In conclusion, we find that while the centenarians in this cohort escaped or delayed cognitive impairment until extreme ages, their brains reveal varying levels of disease-associated neuropathological hallmarks, some of which associate with cognitive performance.
| S-EPMC6055341 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo examine the dose-dependent effect of maternal vitamin D during pregnancy on blood pressure from mid-to-late gestation within the context of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in Bangladesh (n = 1298).MethodsHealthy women without hypertension were enrolled at 17-24 weeks gestation and randomized to one of four vitamin D doses during pregnancy: placebo, 4200, 16 800 or 28 000 IU/week. This substudy examined 1257 women with blood pressure measured at enrollment with at least one other timepoint (measurements included at 24 weeks, 30 weeks, and weekly from 36 weeks until delivery). Effects of vitamin D on SBP or DBP were analyzed using mixed-effects models.ResultsVitamin D did not have an effect on SBP or DBP at 24 or 30 weeks; blood pressure was higher at 36 weeks for the highest dose versus placebo [mean difference (95% CI) mmHg: SBP = 2.3 (0.9-3.7); DBP = 1.9 (0.7-3.0)]. The differences in changes in SBP and DBP between vitamin D groups and placebo across intervals were small (P > 0.10), but the difference for 28 000 IU/week versus placebo was the highest from 30 to 36 weeks [SBP 0.2 (-0.1 to 0.5) and DBP 0.2 (-0.0 to 0.4) mmHg].ConclusionVitamin D supplementation starting mid-pregnancy did not affect SBP or DBP until late gestation, and then only at the highest dose. These results do not support the clinical use of vitamin D in pregnancy to lower maternal blood pressure.
| S-EPMC7752208 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on immune function of healthy older adults.Materials and methodsDesigned as a randomized controlled trial, 21 participants (55-85 years) completed the study during May-November 2018 in Coventry, England. The participants were randomized into vitamin D or the control group, stratified by age, gender and body mass index. The vitamin D group (n = 12) took vitamin D3 tablets of 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks plus vitamin D education leaflet, while the control group (n = 9) were only provided with the leaflet. At baseline, 6 and 12 weeks, plasma 25(OH)D levels and immunological and metabolic parameters including phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, lymphocyte subsets and fasting blood glucose and lipid were measured. Dietary vitamin D intake was analyzed at baseline and week 12. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.ResultsAt baseline, 42.9% of the participants were vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L), only 10% achieved a level of 25(OH)D > 50 nmol/L. Overweight/obese participants (n = 9) had significantly lower mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration (22.3 ± 8.7 nmol/L) than normal weight participants (48.1 ± 34.3 nmol/L) (P = 0.043). There was a significant increase in plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group compared with that in control group (P = 0.002) during the intervention period. The plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group was increased at 6 weeks (from 38.4 ± 37.0 nmol/L at baseline to 51.0 ± 38.2 nmol/L) with little change observed between 6 and 12 weeks (51.8 ± 36.4 nmol/L). The plasma creatinine concentration in vitamin D group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P = 0.036) (79.8 ± 7.0 μmol/L at baseline vs 75.1 ± 5.4 μmol/L at week 12). No significant effect of vitamin D supplementation was determined on immunological parameters.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is common among the aging population in the UK even during the summertime. Vitamin D supplementation at 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks significantly increased plasma 25(OH)D concentration but showed no effect on metabolic and immunological parameters except decreased plasma creatinine.
| S-EPMC9664161 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPregnancy is a critical period for both woman and baby from a nutritional perspective. Nutritional education is considered an important tool for promoting a healthy lifestyle, but has not been studied as a determinant for maternal use of supplements during pregnancy, especially in Romania, where evidence about pregnancy and nutrition is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nutritional knowledge and the use of folic acid, iron and multivitamin supplements during pregnancy and to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors and prenatal care.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 400 pregnant women admitted to the Cuza-Vodă Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Hospital in Iaşi, Romania, during August-September 2010. We collected self-reported data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, number of prenatal check-ups and the use of folic acid, iron and multivitamin supplements during pregnancy. We assessed nutritional knowledge using a standardized questionnaire divided into three sections: general nutritional recommendations for pregnant women; the roles of nutrients; and sources of nutrients. We used logistic regression to analyse the associations between these factors.ResultsThe prevalence of the use of supplements during pregnancy was 48% for folic acid, 45.3% for iron and 68% for multivitamins. Above-average nutritional knowledge was independently associated with the use of folic acid (aOR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.6-13.8), iron (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.7) and multivitamins (aOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.8). The use of folic acid was independently associated with a higher level of formal education (aOR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.1-12.8) and an early start in prenatal care (aOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0-11.1). Women with a higher education (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9), more than 10 prenatal visits (aOR, 7.2; 95% CI, 3.4-15.0) and those who received advice on breastfeeding (aOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5) were more likely to use iron during pregnancy. Similar results were found when analysing the contributing factors for the use of multivitamins: more than 12 years of schooling (aOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4-7.9) and appropriate prenatal care (aOR, 9.4; 95% CI, 4.5-19.5).ConclusionsLevel of nutritional knowledge has a strong independent association with the use of supplements during pregnancy.
| S-EPMC3933411 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Promoting health and prolonging independence in the home is a priority for older adults, caregivers, clinicians, and society at large. Rapidly developing robotics technology provides a platform for interventions, with the fields of physically and socially assistive robots expanding in recent years. However, less attention has been paid to using robots to enhance the cognitive health of older adults. The goal of this review is to synthesize the current literature on home-based cognitively assistive robots (CAR) in older adults without dementia and to provide suggestions to improve the quality of the scientific evidence in this subfield. First, we set the stage for CAR by: a) introducing the field of robotics to improve health, b) summarizing evidence emphasizing the importance of home-based interventions for older adults, c) reviewing literature on robot acceptability in older adults, d) highlighting important ethical issues in healthcare robotics, and e) reviewing current findings on socially assistive robots, with a focus on translating findings to the CAR context. With this foundation in place, we then review the literature on CAR, identifying gaps and limitations of current evidence, and proposing future directions for research. We conclude that CAR is promising and feasible and that there is a need for more methodologically rigorous evaluations of CAR to promote prolonged home-based independence in older adults.
| S-EPMC7371917 | biostudies-literature