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Cigarette smoking and reasons for leaving school among school dropouts in South Africa.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:School dropouts are at heightened risk of tobacco use compared to in-school learners. School dropouts are described as those not currently enrolled in school for the academic year, have not completed their schooling, and are between 13 and 20?years old. This paper examines the relationship between reasons for leaving school and past month cigarette smoking, taking into account gender differences. METHODS:Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse survey data (n?=?4185). Geographical location was also incorporated into the analysis as effect moderators. RESULTS:Although no significant main effects between reasons for leaving school and tobacco use were found, results showed that those who leave school early smoke more. When examining interaction effects with gender, leaving school due to 'not being able to pay for school fees' was significantly associated with smoking, but only among girls residing in urban areas (OR?=?0.327, p?=?.023). CONCLUSIONS:More research is needed to understand why learners leave school and their subsequent tobacco use. This knowledge will help researchers identify and target those students that are at risk for dropping out of school and using tobacco.

SUBMITTER: Desai R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6354377 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cigarette smoking and reasons for leaving school among school dropouts in South Africa.

Desai Rachana R Mercken Liesbeth A G LAG Ruiter Robert A C RAC Schepers Jan J Reddy Priscilla S PS

BMC public health 20190130 1

<h4>Background</h4>School dropouts are at heightened risk of tobacco use compared to in-school learners. School dropouts are described as those not currently enrolled in school for the academic year, have not completed their schooling, and are between 13 and 20 years old. This paper examines the relationship between reasons for leaving school and past month cigarette smoking, taking into account gender differences.<h4>Methods</h4>Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse survey data (n = ...[more]

PMID: 30700276

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Project description:The prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has rapidly increased among young people, while conventional cigarette use has decreased in this age group. However, some evidence suggests that e-cigarette use is likely to induce conventional cigarette smoking. The present study explored the social influence of the prevalence of e-cigarette use in the peer network and in the general population as a potential mechanism by which e-cigarette use affects adolescents' overall smoking behaviours. For this purpose, we developed an agent-based model in which young agents repeatedly choose to smoke conventional cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes, or to remain non-smokers. The choice is based on the agent's evaluation of the utility derived from smoking and attitude towards smoking ('openness'), which is influenced by smoking prevalence in the agent's peer network and in the broader society. We also assumed a 'crossover' effect between the different types of smoking. The model was calibrated with United States National Youth Tobacco Survey data to reflect real-world numbers. We further simulated the prevalence of different types of smoking under counterfactual scenarios with different levels of openness and crossover effects. The models developed successfully reproduced actual prevalence trends in different types of smoking from 2011 to 2014. Openness to smoking is associated with a dramatic increase in e-cigarette smoking and especially in dual smoking, which cancels out the decline in sole conventional smoking. Larger crossover effects are associated with a higher prevalence of conventional smoking. The simulation results indicate that the social influence of the prevalence of e-cigarette use may influence young people to initiate or continue conventional cigarette smoking. Assessing the impact of e-cigarettes in the general population as a 'healthier' alternative to conventional smoking may require carefully monitoring trends in young people's smoking behaviours.

Dataset Information

Cigarette smoking and reasons for leaving school among school dropouts in South Africa.

Publications

Cigarette smoking and reasons for leaving school among school dropouts in South Africa.

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