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Determinants of pulse wave velocity trajectories from youth to young adulthood: the Georgia Stress and Heart Study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Increased arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been shown to be an important parameter of cardiovascular risk. Longitudinal development of PWV from youth to early adulthood and its possible sociodemographic, anthropometric, hemodynamic and behavioral moderators will be illustrated. METHODS:Individual growth curves of carotid-distal PWV across age were created for 559 African American and European American men and women with a maximum of five assessments over an average of 7-year follow-up (mean age at participants' first assessment, 22.3?±?3.4). RESULTS:African Americans and men had significantly higher PWV than did European Americans and women (Ps?

SUBMITTER: Liang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6355367 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Determinants of pulse wave velocity trajectories from youth to young adulthood: the Georgia Stress and Heart Study.

Liang Xiaohua X Su Shaoyong S Hao Guang G Snieder Harold H Treiber Frank F Kapuku Gaston G Wang Xiaoling X

Journal of hypertension 20190301 3

<h4>Objective</h4>Increased arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been shown to be an important parameter of cardiovascular risk. Longitudinal development of PWV from youth to early adulthood and its possible sociodemographic, anthropometric, hemodynamic and behavioral moderators will be illustrated.<h4>Methods</h4>Individual growth curves of carotid-distal PWV across age were created for 559 African American and European American men and women with a maximum of five asses ...[more]

PMID: 30234784

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Acute Changes in Carotid-Femoral Pulse-Wave Velocity Are Tracked by Heart-Femoral Pulse-Wave Velocity.

Project description:Background: Carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV) is the reference standard measure of central arterial stiffness. However, it requires assessment of the carotid artery, which is technically challenging, and subject-level factors, including carotid artery plaque, may confound measurements. A promising alternative that overcomes these limitations is heart-femoral PWV (hfPWV), but it is not known to what extent changes in cfPWV and hfPWV are associated. Objectives: To determine, (1) the strength of the association between hfPWV and cfPWV; and (2) whether change in hfPWV is associated with change in cfPWV when central arterial stiffness is perturbed. Methods: Twenty young, healthy adults [24.0 (SD: 3.1) years, 45% female] were recruited. hfPWV and cfPWV were determined using Doppler ultrasound at baseline and following a mechanical perturbation in arterial stiffness (120 mmHg thigh occlusion). Agreement between the two measurements was determined using mixed-effects regression models and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: There was, (1) strong (ICC > 0.7) agreement between hfPWV and cfPWV (ICC = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.90), and, (2) very strong (ICC > 0.9) agreement between change in hfPWV and cfPWV (ICC = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.96). cfPWV was significantly greater than hfPWV at baseline and during thigh occlusion (both P < 0.001). Inspection of the Bland-Altman plot, comparing cfPWV and corrected hfPWV, revealed no measurement magnitude bias. Discussion: The current findings indicate that hfPWV and cfPWV are strongly associated, and that change in cfPWV is very strongly associated with change in hfPWV. hfPWV may be a simple alternative to cfPWV in the identification of cardiovascular risk in clinical and epidemiological settings.

| S-EPMC7854542 | biostudies-literature

Determinants of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in healthy Koreans.

Project description:The aim of this study was to determine the normal value of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) according to age group, gender, and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Koreans, and to investigate the association between PWV and risk factors such as prehypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity. We measured an arterial stiffness in 110 normal subjects who were 20 to 69 yr-old with no evidence of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident or diabetes mellitus. The mean values of baPWV and cfPWV were 12.6 (± 2.27) m/sec (13.1 ± 1.85 in men, 12.1 ± 2.51 in women; P=0.019) and 8.70 (± 1.99) m/sec (9.34 ± 2.13 in men, 8.15 ± 1.69 in women; P=0.001), respectively. The distribution of baPWV (P<0.001) and cfPWV (P=0.006) by age group and gender showed an increase in the mean value with age. Men had higher baPWV and cfPWV than women (P<0.001). There was a difference in baPWV and cfPWV by age group on prehypertension, dyslipidemia, current smoking, or obesity (P<0.001). In multiple linear regression, age and prehypertension were highly associated with baPWV and cfPWV after adjustment for confounding factors (P<0.001). The present study showed that baPWV and cfPWV are associated with age, gender, and prehypertension in healthy Koreans.

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A Comparative Study of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Heart-Finger Pulse Wave Velocity in Korean Adults.

Project description:Arterial stiffness is considered an index of vascular aging. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) method is widely used because of its proven effectiveness; and the pulse wave velocity measurement method using both electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) is actively being studied due to the convenience of measurement and the possibility of miniaturization. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of age and gender in Korean adults using both the baPWV method and the PWV method with ECG and finger PPG (heart-finger PWV). The measurements have been carried out for 185 healthy subjects of Korean adults, and the results showed that the baPWV was highly correlated with age in both genders (r = 0.94 for both males and females). However, the correlation values in heart-finger PWV measurement were significantly lower than those of baPWV (r = 0.37 for males and r = 0.71 for females). Although the heart-finger PWV method is suitable for mobile applications because it can be easily miniaturized while maintaining its signal quality, these results show that the heart-finger PWV method is not as effective as baPWV at evaluating the arterial stiffness.

| S-EPMC7181143 | biostudies-literature

Adhesion molecule polymorphisms and pulse wave velocity in American youth.

Project description:Our research group recently reported that aorto-radial (radial) and aorto-dorsalis-pedis (foot) pulse wave velocity (PWV) as proxies of arterial stiffness are substantially heritable in healthy youth. This article aimed at uncovering the genetic contributions of adhesion molecules, key members in the inflammatory process, to PWV in these young individuals.Radial and foot PWV were noninvasively measured with applanation tonometry in 702 black and white subjects (42% blacks, mean age 17.7 +/- 3.3 years) from the Georgia Cardio vascular Twin Study. Eight functional polymorphisms from genes for E-selectin (SELE), P-selectin (SELP), intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM1), and vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM1) were genotyped.Youth with Ser290Asn or Asn290Asn genotype (SELP) compared to those with Ser290Ser had an increase in both radial and foot PWV (6.61 +/- 0.07 vs. 6.41 +/- 0.05 m/s, p = .026; 7.22 +/- 0.05 vs. 7.04 +/- 0.04 m/s, p = .007). TT homozygotes of rs2244529 (SELP) had higher foot PWV (7.28 +/- 0.07 vs. 7.06 +/- 0.03 m/s, p = .002) than CT heterozygotes and CC homozygotes. There appeared to be a decrease in foot PWV in youth with the 241Arg allele (ICAM1) as compared to those without (6.96 +/- 0.08 vs. 7.14 +/- 0.03 m/s, p = .005). For the Asp693Asp (C to T) polymorphism (VCAM1), CC genotype had higher foot PWV than CT and TT genotypes (7.18 +/- 0.04 vs. 6.95 +/- 0.06 m/s, p < .0001). There was an epistatic interaction between Ser290Asn, Gly241Arg, and Asp693Asp on foot PWV (p = .017), explaining 3.6% variance of the foot PWV.Genetic variation of adhesion molecules may be implicated in the development of arterial stiffness. Screening for adhesion molecule polymorphisms may help identify high-risk youth.

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Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity increasing with heart rate accelerates

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC10652409 | biostudies-literature

Adverse childhood experiences and blood pressure trajectories from childhood to young adulthood: the Georgia stress and Heart study.

Project description:The purposes of this study were to assess the long-term effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on blood pressure (BP) trajectories from childhood to young adulthood and to examine whether this relation is explained by childhood socioeconomic status (SES) or risk behaviors that are associated with ACEs.Systolic and diastolic BPs were measured up to 16 times (13 times on average) over a 23-year period in 213 African Americans and 181 European Americans 5 to 38 years of age. Retrospective data on traumatic experiences before 18 years of age were collected, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Individual growth curve modeling within a multilevel framework was used to examine the relation between exposure to ACEs and BP development. No main effect of ACEs on average BP levels was found. However, a significant interaction of ACE score with age(3) was observed (systolic BP, P=0.033; diastolic BP, P=0.017). Subjects who experienced multiple traumatic events during childhood showed a faster rise in BP levels after 30 years of age than those without ACEs. As expected, a graded association of ACEs with childhood socioeconomic status and negative health behaviors was observed (P<0.001). The ACE-systolic BP relation was not explained by these factors, whereas the ACE-diastolic BP relation was partially mediated by illicit drug use.In this novel longitudinal study, we observed that participants who were exposed to multiple ACEs displayed a greater increase in BP levels in young adulthood compared with their counterparts without ACEs.

| S-EPMC4430378 | biostudies-literature

Pulse Wave Velocity at Early Adulthood: Breastfeeding and Nutrition during Pregnancy and Childhood.

Project description:Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an early marker of arterial stiffness. Low birthweight, infant feeding and childhood nutrition have been associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In this study, we evaluated the association of PWV at 30 years of age with birth condition and childhood nutrition, among participants of the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort.In 1982, the hospital births in Pelotas, southern Brazil, were identified just after delivery. Those liveborn infants whose family lived in the urban area of the city were examined and have been prospectively followed. At 30 years of age, we tried to follow the whole cohort and PWV was assessed in 1576 participants.Relative weight gain from 2 to 4 years was positively associated with PWV. Regarding nutritional status in childhood, PWV was higher among those whose weight-for-age z-score at 4 years was >1 standard deviation above the mean. On the other hand, height gain, birthweight and duration of breastfeeding were not associated with PWV.Relative weight gain after 2 years of age is associated with increased PWV, while birthweight and growth in the first two years of life were not associated. These results suggest that the relative increase of weight later in childhood is associated with higher cardiovascular risk.

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Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk: Results From the 23-Year Longitudinal Georgia Stress and Heart Study.

Project description:The purpose of this study is to identify subgroups of individuals with similar trajectories in blood pressure (BP) from childhood to young adulthood and to determine the relationship of BP trajectories with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). BP was measured ?16 times during a 23-year period in 683 participants from childhood to young adulthood. IMT and LVMI were measured in 551 participants and 546 participants, respectively. Using latent class models, 3 trajectory groups in BP from childhood to young adulthood were identified, including high-increasing, moderate-increasing, and low-increasing groups. We found that trajectory of systolic BP was a significant predictor of both IMT and LVMI with increased rate of growth in systolic BP associated with higher levels of IMT and LVMI (Pfor trend <0.001). Similar to the BP trajectory groups from childhood to young adulthood, 3 trajectory groups in BP during childhood (?18 years) were identified, and participants in the high-increasing group had thicker IMT (P<0.001) and increased LVMI (P=0.043) in comparison with those in the low-increasing group. Results were similar for mid-BP trajectories but not for diastolic BP trajectories. Our results suggested that different BP trajectories exist from childhood to young adulthood, and the trajectories were independently associated with IMT and LVMI. We, for the first time, reported the association between systolic BP trajectories derived from childhood with subclinical cardiovascular risk in young adulthood, indicating that monitoring trajectories of BP from childhood may help identify a high cardiovascular risk population in early life.

| S-EPMC5300982 | biostudies-literature

Imbalance Model of Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Wave Velocity in Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Disorders.

Project description:ObjectivesPatients with psychiatric disorders have an increased risk of cardiovascular pathologies. A bidirectional feedback model between the brain and heart exists widely in both psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) functions between patients with psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders and to investigate whether subgroups defined by HRV and PWV features improve the transdiagnostic psychopathology of psychiatric classification.MethodsIn total, 3448 consecutive patients who visited psychiatric or psychological health services with psychotic (N = 1839) and nonpsychotic disorders (N = 1609) and were drug-free for at least 2 weeks were selected. HRV and PWV indicators were measured via finger photoplethysmography during a 5-minute period of rest. Canonical variates were generated through HRV and PWV indicators by canonical correlation analysis (CCA).ResultsAll HRV indicators but none of the PWV indicators were significantly reduced in the psychotic group relative to those in the nonpsychotic group. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, many indices of HRV were significantly reduced in the psychotic group compared with those in the nonpsychotic group. CCA analysis revealed 2 subgroups defined by distinct and relatively homogeneous patterns along HRV and PWV dimensions and comprising 19.0% (subgroup 1, n = 655) and 80.9% (subgroup 2, n = 2781) of the sample, each with distinctive features of HRV and PWV functions.ConclusionsHRV functions are significantly impaired among psychiatric patients, especially in those with psychosis. Our results highlight important subgroups of psychiatric patients that have distinct features of HRV and PWV which transcend current diagnostic boundaries.

| S-EPMC8781329 | biostudies-literature

Association of pulse wave velocity and intima-media thickness with cardiovascular risk factors in young adults.

Project description:Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, and intima-media thickening (IMT), a measure of early atherosclerosis, are intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease which are predictive of cardiovascular events. Traditionally, both were thought to result from accumulative exposure to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. However, their association with risk factors in young adults in low-income settings is unknown. We sought to investigate the association between PWV and IMT with traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study cohort from Southern India. Male and female adults (N = 1440) aged between 20 and 24 years underwent measures of PWV and IMT. Exposure variables included smoking, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides. Association between outcome and exposure variables was assessed using linear regression analysis. Average values for PWV and IMT were 5.9 ± 0.6 m/s and 0.5 ± 0.1 mm. In univariable analysis, PWV associated with MAP, BMI, smoking, total cholesterol, glucose, and HOMA-IR and IMT associated with MAP, BMI, tobacco use, and HDL-cholesterol. In multivariable analysis, PWV remained strongly positively associated with MAP increasing by 0.5 m/s (P < .001) for a 10 mm Hg increase in MAP (R2 = .37). In contrast, IMT negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (β = -.10; P = .012, R2 = .02). There was weak evidence that PWV and IMT positively associated with BMI. In young adults from Southern India, PWV positively associated with blood pressure and IMT negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol. This suggests separate etiologies for atherosclerosis and arterial stiffening in young adults.

| S-EPMC7064924 | biostudies-literature

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