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Role of Dietary Lipids in Modulating Inflammation through the Gut Microbiota.

ABSTRACT: Inflammation and its resolution is a tenuous balance that is under constant contest. Though several regulatory mechanisms are employed to maintain homeostasis, disruptions in the regulation of inflammation can lead to detrimental effects for the host. Of note, the gut and microbial dysbiosis are implicated in the pathology of systemic chronic low-grade inflammation which has been linked to several metabolic diseases. What remains to be described is the extent to which dietary fat and concomitant changes in the gut microbiota contribute to, or arise from, the onset of metabolic disorders. The present review will highlight the role of microorganisms in host energy regulation and several mechanisms that contribute to inflammatory pathways. This review will also discuss the immunomodulatory effects of the endocannabinoid system and its link with the gut microbiota. Finally, a brief discussion arguing for improved taxonomic resolution (at the species and strain level) is needed to deepen our current knowledge of the microbiota and host inflammatory state.

SUBMITTER: Wisniewski PJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6357048 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of Dietary Lipids in Modulating Inflammation through the Gut Microbiota.

Wisniewski Paul J PJ Dowden Robert A RA Campbell Sara C SC

Nutrients 20190108 1

Inflammation and its resolution is a tenuous balance that is under constant contest. Though several regulatory mechanisms are employed to maintain homeostasis, disruptions in the regulation of inflammation can lead to detrimental effects for the host. Of note, the gut and microbial dysbiosis are implicated in the pathology of systemic chronic low-grade inflammation which has been linked to several metabolic diseases. What remains to be described is the extent to which dietary fat and concomitant ...[more]

PMID: 30626117

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Project description:Background:Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal disease in piglets. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an active plant phenolic acid which exists in Chinese herb, Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), and is also considered as the main bioactive metabolite of polyphenol against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods:Thirty-six piglets (Pig Improvement Company line 337?×?C48, 28 d of age, 8.87?kg?±?0.11?kg BW) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments and fed with a basal diet (CTL), a diet added 50?mg/kg of aureomycin (AUR), or a diet supplemented with 4000?mg/kg of PCA, respectively. The piglets were challenged with LPS (10??g/kg BW) on d 14 and d 21 by intraperitoneal injection during the 21-d experiment. Animals (n?=?6 from each group) were sacrificed after being anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital at 2?h after the last injection of LPS. The serum was collected for antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines analysis, the ileum was harvested for detecting mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins by PCR and immunohistochemical staining, and the cecum chyme was collected for intestinal flora analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results:Dietary supplementation of PCA or AUR significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and claudin-1 in intestinal mucosa, and decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-6, as compared with CTL group. In addition, PCA also decreased the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-? (P?<?0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that PCA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P?<?0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis at the genus level revealed that PCA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 9, Prevotella 2, Holdemanella, and Ruminococcus torques group (P?<?0.05), and increased the relative abundance of Roseburia and Desulfovibrio (P?<?0.05), whereas AUR had no significant effect on these bacteria. Conclusions:These results demonstrated that both PCA and AUR had protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with LPS, and PCA potentially exerted the protective function by modulating intestinal flora in a way different from AUR. Holdemanella:

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Role of Dietary Lipids in Modulating Inflammation through the Gut Microbiota.

Publications

Role of Dietary Lipids in Modulating Inflammation through the Gut Microbiota.

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