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Structural basis of a potent human monoclonal antibody against Zika virus targeting a quaternary epitope.

ABSTRACT: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major human pathogen and member of the Flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. In contrast to most other insect-transmitted flaviviruses, ZIKV also can be transmitted sexually and from mother to fetus in humans. During recent outbreaks, ZIKV infections have been linked to microcephaly, congenital disease, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neutralizing antibodies have potential as therapeutic agents. We report here a 4-Å-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the ZIKV virion in complex with Fab fragments of the potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibody ZIKV-195. The footprint of the ZIKV-195 Fab fragment expands across two adjacent envelope (E) protein protomers. ZIKV neutralization by this antibody is presumably accomplished by cross-linking the E proteins, which likely prevents formation of E protein trimers required for fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. A single dose of ZIKV-195 administered 5 days after virus inoculation showed marked protection against lethality in a stringent mouse model of infection.

SUBMITTER: Long F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6358714 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Zika virus is an infectious virus, that belongs to Flaviviridae family, which is transferred to humans through mosquito vectors and severely threatens human health; but, apart from available resources, no effective and secure vaccine is present against Zika virus, to prevent such infections. In current study, we employed structural vaccinology approach to design an epitope-based vaccine against Zika virus, which is biocompatible, and secure and might trigger an adaptive and innate immune response by using computational approaches. We first retrieved the protein sequence from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and carried out for BLAST P. After BLAST P, predicted protein sequences were shortlisted and checked for allergic features and antigenic properties. Final sequence of Zika virus, with accession number (APO40588.1) was selected based on high antigenic score and non-allergenicity. Final protein sequence used various computational approaches including antigenicity testing, toxicity evaluation, allergenicity, and conservancy assessment to identify superior B-cell and T-cell epitopes. Two B-cell epitopes, five MHC-six MHC-II epitopes and I were used to construct an immunogenic multi-epitope-based vaccine by using suitable linkers. A 50S ribosomal protein was added at N terminal to improve the immunogenicity of vaccine. In molecular docking, strong interactions were presented between constructed vaccine and Toll-like receptor 9 (- 1100.6 kcal/mol), suggesting their possible relevance in the immunological response to vaccine. The molecular dynamics simulations ensure the dynamic and structural stability of constructed vaccine. The results of C-immune simulation revealed that constructed vaccine activate B and T lymphocytes which induce high level of antibodies and cytokines to combat Zika infection. The constructed vaccine is an effective biomarker with non-sensitization, nontoxicity; nonallergic, good immunogenicity, and antigenicity, however, experimental assays are required to verify the results of present study.

Project description:Only one naturally occurring human antibody has been described thus far that is capable of potently neutralizing all five ebolaviruses. Here we present two crystal structures of this rare, pan-ebolavirus neutralizing human antibody in complex with Ebola virus and Bundibugyo virus glycoproteins (GPs), respectively. The structures delineate the key protein and glycan contacts for binding that are conserved across the ebolaviruses, explain the antibody's unique broad specificity and neutralization activity, and reveal the likely mechanism behind a known escape mutation in the fusion loop region of GP2. We found that the epitope of this antibody, ADI-15878, extends along the hydrophobic paddle of the fusion loop and then dips down into a highly conserved pocket beneath the N-terminal tail of GP2, a mode of recognition unlike any other antibody elicited against Ebola virus, and likely critical for its broad activity. The fold of Bundibugyo virus glycoprotein, not previously visualized, is similar to the fold of Ebola virus GP, and ADI-15878 binds to each virus's GP with a similar strategy and angle of attack. These findings will be useful in deployment of this antibody as a broad-spectrum therapeutic and in the design of immunogens that elicit the desired broadly neutralizing immune response against all members of the ebolavirus genus and filovirus family.IMPORTANCE There are five different members of the Ebolavirus genus. Provision of vaccines and treatments able to protect against any of the five ebolaviruses is an important goal of public health. Antibodies are a desired result of vaccines and can be delivered directly as therapeutics. Most antibodies, however, are effective against only one or two, not all, of these pathogens. Only one human antibody has been thus far described to neutralize all five ebolaviruses, antibody ADI-15878. Here we describe the molecular structure of ADI-15878 bound to the relevant target proteins of Ebola virus and Bundibugyo virus. We explain how it achieves its rare breadth of activity and propose strategies to design improved vaccines capable of eliciting more antibodies like ADI-15878.

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Structural basis of a potent human monoclonal antibody against Zika virus targeting a quaternary epitope.

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