Dataset Information

The Bull's Eye Pattern of the Tear Film in Humans during Visual Fixation on En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to define and characterize the optical behavior of the tear film during visual fixation in humans on en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT). We included 20 healthy participants, 60% female, aged from 25 to 42 years (33.05?±?4.97 [mean?±?SD]) and ten patients with severe dry eye, 50% female, aged from 26 to 42 years (33.7?±?5.31). To perform high-resolution tear film imaging, participants were asked to gaze at the internal fixation point in the spectral-domain anterior segment OCT device, and meanwhile scanning session was executed at the following time-points after blinking: at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th second. After one hour, OCT imaging was repeated (second session) by a different operator masked to the study to verify the reliability of results. During each measuring session, a pulse oximetry was used for continuously measuring the heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2%). A preliminary experiment was also performed to test the absence of geometric patterns from the anterior surface of a motionless artificial eye. OCT imaging showed a motionless, stable anterior surface of the artificial eye and in dry eye patients. Conversely, in the healthy participants of the study, a bull's eye pattern of the tear film was detected by OCT at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th second after blinking, respectively, in 45%, 60%, 45%, 60%, and 40% of OCT scans during the first session, and in 35%, 65%, 65%, 60%, and 35% of cases in the second session. Overall, a total of 200 OCT scans were performed in normal human population. A significant correlation was found between the novel tear film pattern and heart rate during the first and the second session (p?

SUBMITTER: Napoli PE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6363734 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Bull's Eye Pattern of the Tear Film in Humans during Visual Fixation on En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography.

Napoli Pietro Emanuele PE Nioi Matteo M d'Aloja Ernesto E Fossarello Maurizio M

Scientific reports 20190205 1

The aim of the study was to define and characterize the optical behavior of the tear film during visual fixation in humans on en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT). We included 20 healthy participants, 60% female, aged from 25 to 42 years (33.05 ± 4.97 [mean ± SD]) and ten patients with severe dry eye, 50% female, aged from 26 to 42 years (33.7 ± 5.31). To perform high-resolution tear film imaging, participants were asked to gaze at the internal fixation point in the spectral-domain anterio ...[more]

PMID: 30723239

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Project description:ImportanceImaging of the choriocapillaris in vivo is challenging with existing technology. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), if optimized, could make the imaging less challenging.ObjectiveTo investigate multiple en face image averaging on OCTA images of the choriocapillaris.Design, setting, and participantsObservational, cross-sectional case series at a referral institutional practice in Los Angeles, California. From the original cohort of 21 healthy individuals, 17 normal eyes of 17 participants were included in the study. The study dates were August to September 2016.ExposuresAll participants underwent OCTA imaging of the macula covering a 3 × 3-mm area using OCTA software (Cirrus 5000 with AngioPlex; Carl Zeiss Meditec). One eye per participant was repeatedly imaged to obtain 9 OCTA cube scan sets. Registration was first performed using superficial capillary plexus images, and this transformation was then applied to the choriocapillaris images. The 9 registered choriocapillaris images were then averaged. Quantitative parameters were measured on binarized OCTA images and compared with the unaveraged OCTA images.Main outcome and measureVessel caliber measurement.ResultsSeventeen eyes of 17 participants (mean [SD] age, 35.1 [6.0] years; 9 [53%] female; and 9 [53%] of white race/ethnicity) with sufficient image quality were included in this analysis. The single unaveraged images demonstrated a granular appearance, and the vascular pattern was difficult to discern. After averaging, en face choriocapillaris images showed a meshwork appearance. The mean (SD) diameter of the vessels was 22.8 (5.8) µm (range, 9.6-40.2 µm). Compared with the single unaveraged images, the averaged images showed more flow voids (1423 flow voids [95% CI, 967-1909] vs 1254 flow voids [95% CI, 825-1683], P < .001), smaller average size of the flow voids (911 [95% CI, 301-1521] µm2 vs 1364 [95% CI, 645-2083] µm2, P < .001), and greater vessel density (70.7% [95% CI, 61.9%-79.5%] vs 61.9% [95% CI, 56.0%-67.8%], P < .001). The distribution of the number vs sizes of the flow voids was skewed in both unaveraged and averaged images. A linear log-log plot of the distribution showed a more homogeneous distribution in the averaged images compared with the unaveraged images.Conclusions and relevanceMultiple en face averaging can improve visualization of the choriocapillaris on OCTA images, transforming the images from a granular appearance to a level where the intervascular spaces can be resolved in healthy volunteers.

Project description:To characterize en face features of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using a high-speed, enhanced-depth swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) prototype.Consecutive patients with chronic CSCR were prospectively examined with SS-OCT.Fifteen eyes of 13 patients.Three-dimensional 6×6 mm macular cube raster scans were obtained with SS-OCT operating at 1050 nm wavelength and 100000 A-lines/sec with 6 ?m axial resolution. Segmentation of the RPE generated a reference surface; en face SS-OCT images of the RPE and choroid were extracted at varying depths every 3.5 ?m (1 pixel). Abnormal features were characterized by systematic analysis of multimodal fundus imaging, including color photographs, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine-green angiography (ICGA).En face SS-OCT morphology of the RPE and individual choroidal layers.En face SS-OCT imaging at the RPE level revealed absence of signal corresponding to RPE detachment or RPE loss in 15 of 15 (100%) eyes. En face SS-OCT imaging at the choriocapillaris level showed focally enlarged vessels in 8 of 15 eyes (53%). At the level of Sattler's layer, en face SS-OCT documented focal choroidal dilation in 8 of 15 eyes (53%) and diffuse choroidal dilation in 7 of 15 eyes (47%). At the level of Haller's layer, these same features were observed in 3 of 15 eyes (20%) and 12 of 15 eyes (80%), respectively. In all affected eyes, these choroidal vascular abnormalities were seen just below areas of RPE abnormalities. In 2 eyes with secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV), distinct en face SS-OCT features corresponded to the neovascular lesions.High-speed, enhanced-depth SS-OCT at 1050 nm wavelength enables the visualization of pathologic features of the RPE and choroid in eyes with chronic CSCR not usually appreciated with standard spectral domain (SD) OCT. En face SS-OCT imaging seems to be a useful tool in the identification of CNV without the use of angiography. This in vivo documentation of the RPE and choroidal vasculature at variable depths may help elucidate the pathophysiology of disease and can contribute to the diagnosis and management of chronic CSCR.

Dataset Information

The Bull's Eye Pattern of the Tear Film in Humans during Visual Fixation on En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography.

Publications

The Bull's Eye Pattern of the Tear Film in Humans during Visual Fixation on En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography.

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