Dataset Information

Biological Validation of Self-Reported Unprotected Sex and Comparison of Underreporting Over Two Different Recall Periods Among Female Sex Workers in Benin.

ABSTRACT: Background:Self-reported unprotected sex validity is questionable and is thought to decline with longer recall periods. We used biomarkers of semen to validate self-reported unprotected sex and to compare underreporting of unprotected sex between 2 recall periods among female sex workers (FSW). Methods:At baseline of an early antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis demonstration study conducted among FSW in Cotonou, Benin, unprotected sex was assessed with retrospective questionnaires, and with vaginal detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Y-chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (Yc-DNA). Underreporting in the last 2 or 14 days was defined as having reported no unprotected sex in the recall period while testing positive for PSA or Yc-DNA, respectively. Log-binomial regression was used to compare underreporting over the 2 recall periods. Results:Unprotected sex prevalence among 334 participants was 25.8% (50.3%) according to self-report in the last 2 (or 14) days, 32.0% according to PSA, and 44.3% according to Yc-DNA. The proportion of participants underreporting unprotected sex was similar when considering the last 2 (18.9%) or 14 days (21.0%; proportion ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.13). Among the 107 participants who tested positive for PSA, 19 (17.8%) tested negative for Yc-DNA. Conclusions:Underreporting of unprotected sex was high among FSW but did not seem to be influenced by the recall period length. Reasons for discrepancies between PSA and Yc-DNA detection, where women tested positive for PSA but negative for Yc-DNA, should be further investigated.

SUBMITTER: Giguere K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6364862 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Biological Validation of Self-Reported Unprotected Sex and Comparison of Underreporting Over Two Different Recall Periods Among Female Sex Workers in Benin.

Giguère Katia K Béhanzin Luc L Guédou Fernand A FA Leblond François A FA Goma-Matsétsé Ella E Zannou Djimon M DM Affolabi Dissou D Kêkê René K RK Gangbo Flore F Bachabi Moussa M Alary Michel M

Open forum infectious diseases 20190109 2

<h4>Background</h4>Self-reported unprotected sex validity is questionable and is thought to decline with longer recall periods. We used biomarkers of semen to validate self-reported unprotected sex and to compare underreporting of unprotected sex between 2 recall periods among female sex workers (FSW).<h4>Methods</h4>At baseline of an early antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis demonstration study conducted among FSW in Cotonou, Benin, unprotected sex was assessed with retrospectiv ...[more]

PMID: 30746385

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Project description:Highly Exposed-Seronegatives (HESN) individuals do not contract HIV-1 infection despite long-term exposure; few comprehensive studies examining behavior, mucosal tissue, and peripheral immune parameters in sexually-exposed HESN have been completed. To this end, we assessed rate of condomless vaginal sex, the immune activation status (peripheral blood) and gene expression (ectocervical biopsies) in female cohort of high-risk female sex workers [FSW] (n=50) and non-sex worker women [CG] (n=32) in San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA. Of the 50 FSWs examined only 5 had detectable anti-HIV responses by either HIV gag-specific CD8+ T-Cell responses or mucosal anti-HIV envelope IgG/IgA. FSW had a uniform lower CD38 expression on circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T-Cells (both: p<0.0001:Wilcoxon Rank Sum). Cervical tissue from FSWs had greater levels of CD4+ T-Cell (p=0.040), CD123+ plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (p=0.013) and CD68+ macrophage infiltrates (p=0.038). Cervical gene expression by RNA microarray indicated that FSW had a gene signature characterized by lower expression of genes associated with leukocyte homing and chemotaxis; partial interferon regulated gene signature; and lower gene expression of genes required for HIV infection such as CD4 and NUP153 indicating a lower mucosal immune activation state and reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection within mucosal tissue. Notably, Interferon (IFN)-ε expression was higher in FSW than CG women, as detected by RNA (microarray) and protein (IHC) expression in cervical epithelium. The observed levels of IFNε were associated with the reported frequency of unprotected intercourse. Finally, IFNε was induced by treatment of the ECT1 cell line with seminal fluid, suggesting that semen exposure may contribute to long-term protection. Decreased levels of immune activation and gene expression required for HIV infection along with semen-induced epithelial Interferon ε production within the reproductive tract of FSWs highlight distinct host intrinsic resistance mechanisms that may contribute to long-term HIV seronegative status in spite of high-risk condomless sex.

Dataset Information

Biological Validation of Self-Reported Unprotected Sex and Comparison of Underreporting Over Two Different Recall Periods Among Female Sex Workers in Benin.

Publications

Biological Validation of Self-Reported Unprotected Sex and Comparison of Underreporting Over Two Different Recall Periods Among Female Sex Workers in Benin.

Similar Datasets

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