Dataset Information

Correlation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease Severity and Mortality With CMV Viral Burden in CMV-Seropositive Donor and CMV-Seronegative Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

ABSTRACT: Background:The rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load increase and peak viral loads are associated with CMV disease in kidney and liver transplant recipients, but relationships to disease severity or mortality have not been shown. Methods:Using stored serial serum specimens from renal (n = 59) and liver (n = 35) transplant recipients (D+R-; CMV-seropositive donors, CMV-seronegative recipients) from 2 prospective, randomized, controlled, interventional prophylaxis trials of CMV immune globulin (CMVIG), CMV viral load was measured using the COBAS quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and the World Health Organization CMV standard. Patients with severe CMV-associated disease were classified according to trial definitions. Pairwise comparisons of mean viral load among deceased, surviving diseased, and nondiseased patients were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance. To determine if viral load could predict mortality, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed using area under the curve (AUC) of the viral load and peak viral concentration (Vmax). Results:Viral load (mean log10 [AUC], peak viral load [Vmax]) for patients with severe CMV disease was significantly higher compared with nondiseased patients (P < .001). Similarly, higher viral burden was significantly associated with mortality (P < .001). Viral load AUC and Vmax AUROCs for predicting mortality were 0.796 and 0.824, respectively, for renal patients, and 0.769 and 0.807, respectively, for liver patients. Conclusions:Using specimens from studies preceding the antiviral prophylaxis era, CMV viral load was associated with severe CMV disease and death, supporting CMV viral load quantification as a proxy for CMV disease severity and disease-associated mortality end points in solid organ transplantation.

SUBMITTER: McBride JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6366655 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Correlation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease Severity and Mortality With CMV Viral Burden in CMV-Seropositive Donor and CMV-Seronegative Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

McBride Jacqueline M JM Sheinson Daniel D Jiang Jenny J Lewin-Koh Nicholas N Werner Barbara G BG Chow Jennifer K L JKL Wu Xiaoning X Tavel Jorge A JA Snydman David R DR

Open forum infectious diseases 20190114 2

<h4>Background</h4>The rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load increase and peak viral loads are associated with CMV disease in kidney and liver transplant recipients, but relationships to disease severity or mortality have not been shown.<h4>Methods</h4>Using stored serial serum specimens from renal (n = 59) and liver (n = 35) transplant recipients (D+R-; CMV-seropositive donors, CMV-seronegative recipients) from 2 prospective, randomized, controlled, interventional prophylaxis trials of CMV i ...[more]

PMID: 30775403

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Project description:Abstract Background Current guidelines preferentially recommend valganciclovir (VGCV) prophylaxis over PET in most D+R? organ transplant populations, but adequately powered direct comparative clinical trials are lacking. Methods D+R? LTR were randomly assigned (1:1, stratified by site and T-cell depleting induction) to receive either PET (weekly plasma CMV DNAemia at central laboratory for 100 days, with VGCV 900 mg bid for DNAemia at any level, until two consecutive negative weekly tests) or prophy (VGCV 900 mg qd for 100 days). The primary outcome was CMV disease by 12 months as adjudicated by an independent, blinded, endpoint committee in ITT population. Secondary outcomes were opportunistic infections (OIs) (invasive fungal and bacterial), neutropenia (ANC < 1000/µL), acute rejection, graft loss, and mortality assessed at12 months. Results From October 2012 to June 2017, 205 patients were randomized at six centers; 100 to PET, 105 to prophy. The incidence of CMV disease was 9% (9/100) in PET and 19% (20/105) in prophy (P = 0.039) with majority of difference due to post-prophylaxis disease: 6% in PET vs. 17% in prophy (P = 0.027). CMV disease included syndrome in 55% (16/29) and end-organ in 45% (13/29), with similar proportions in two groups. Secondary outcomes were not different for PET and prophy groups: OIs (19% vs. 21%), neutropenia (34% vs.. 28%), acute rejection (27% vs. 27%), graft loss (2% vs. 2%), and mortality (10% vs. 6%), respectively, P > 0.05 for all comparisons. Mortality at last follow-up (median 3.2 years) was not different for PET vs. prophy (14% vs. 18%, P = 0.43). Conclusions PET significantly reduced the incidence of CMV disease compared with prophy in D+R- LTR, and was associated with similar other clinical outcomes. Current guidelines should be revised to recommend PET over prophylaxis in this setting, and similar trials conducted in other D+R? transplant populations. (Funded by NIAID; ClinicalTrials.gov# NCT01552369.) Disclosures D. Winston, Merck: Investigator, Research support. Chimerix: Investigator, Research support. Shire: Investigator, Research support. Gilead: Investigator, Research support. Oxford Immunotech: Investigator, Research support. G. M. Lyon III, Shire: Investigator, institutional research support. Hookipa: Investigator, institutional research support. Merck: Investigator, institutional research support. F. P. Silveira, Shire: contracted clinical research, site investigator. A. P. Limaye, Merk: Consultant and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant. Astellas Pharma Inc.: Consultant and Investigator, Consulting fee. Helocyte Inc.: Consultant, Consulting fee.

Project description:Importance:Despite the use of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention strategy of antiviral prophylaxis for high-risk CMV-seronegative liver transplant recipients with seropositive donors, high rates of delayed-onset postprophylaxis CMV disease occur. An alternate approach, preemptive therapy (initiation of antiviral therapy for early asymptomatic CMV viremia detected by surveillance testing), has not previously been directly compared with antiviral prophylaxis in these patients. Objective:To compare preemptive therapy with antiviral prophylaxis in CMV-seronegative liver transplant recipients with seropositive donors for the prevention of CMV disease. Design, Setting, and Participants:Randomized clinical trial of preemptive therapy vs antiviral prophylaxis in 205 CMV-seronegative liver transplant recipients with seropositive donors aged older than 18 years. The trial was conducted at 6 academic transplant centers in the United States between October 2012 and June 2017, with last follow-up in June 2018. Interventions:Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either preemptive therapy (valganciclovir, 900 mg, twice daily until 2 consecutive negative tests a week apart) for viremia detected by weekly plasma CMV polymerase chain reaction for 100 days (n = 100) or valganciclovir, 900 mg, daily for 100 days as antiviral prophylaxis (n = 105). Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary outcome was incidence of CMV disease by 12 months, defined as CMV syndrome (CMV viremia and clinical or laboratory findings) or end-organ disease. Secondary outcomes included acute allograft rejection, opportunistic infections, graft and patient survival, and neutropenia. Results:Among 205 patients who were randomized (mean age, 55 years; 62 women [30%]), all 205 (100%) completed the trial. The incidence of CMV disease was significantly lower with preemptive therapy than antiviral prophylaxis (9% [9/100] vs 19% [20/105]; difference, 10% [95% CI, 0.5% to 19.6%]; P = .04]). The incidence of allograft rejection (28% vs 25%; difference, 3% [95% CI, -9% to 15%]), opportunistic infections (25% vs 27%; difference, 2% [95% CI, -14% to 10%]), graft loss (2% vs 2%; difference, <1% [95% CI, -4% to 4%]), and neutropenia (13% vs 10%; difference, 3% [95% CI, -5% to 12%]) did not differ significantly for the preemptive therapy vs antiviral prophylaxis group, respectively. All-cause mortality at last follow-up was 15% in the preemptive therapy vs 19% in the antiviral prophylaxis group (difference, 4% [95% CI, -14% to 6%]; P = .46). Conclusions and Relevance:Among CMV-seronegative liver transplant recipients with seropositive donors, the use of preemptive therapy, compared with antiviral prophylaxis, resulted in a lower incidence of CMV disease over 12 months. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and assess long-term outcomes. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01552369.

Dataset Information

Correlation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease Severity and Mortality With CMV Viral Burden in CMV-Seropositive Donor and CMV-Seronegative Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Publications

Correlation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease Severity and Mortality With CMV Viral Burden in CMV-Seropositive Donor and CMV-Seronegative Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

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