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Single stranded (ss)RNA-mediated antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus infection.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) binds to toll-like receptor (TLR)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. In chickens, synthetic ssRNA analog, resiquimod, has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bursal disease virus infection. The objective of this study was to determine the innate host responses activated by the pre-hatch in ovo administration of resiquimod against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection in chickens post-hatch. RESULTS:First, we observed that in ovo treatment of resiquimod at embryo day (ED) 18 increases macrophage recruitment in respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues of chicken day 1 post-hatch in addition to interleukin (IL)-1? in lungs. Second, we observed that in ovo treatment of resiquimod reduces ILTV cloacal shedding at 7?days post-infection (dpi) when challenged at day 1 post-hatch coinciding with higher macrophage recruitment. In vitro, we found that resiquimod enhances production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1? and not type 1 interferon (IFN) activity in avian macrophages. Although, the antiviral response against ILTV is associated with the enhanced innate immune response, it is not dependent on any of the innate immune mediators observed as has been shown in vitro using avian macrophage. CONCLUSION:This study provides insights into the mechanisms of antiviral response mediated by resiquimod, particularly against ILTV infection in chicken.

SUBMITTER: Abdul-Cader MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6368756 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Single stranded (ss)RNA-mediated antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus infection.

Abdul-Cader Mohamed Sarjoon MS De Silva Senapathi Upasama U Ahmed-Hassan Hanaa H Sharif Shayan S Abdul-Careem Mohamed Faizal MF

BMC microbiology 20190208 1

<h4>Background</h4>Single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) binds to toll-like receptor (TLR)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. In chickens, synthetic ssRNA analog, resiquimod, has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bursal disease virus infection. The objective of this study was to determine the innate host responses activated by the pre-hatch in ovo administration of resiquimod against i ...[more]

PMID: 30736730

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Project description:Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a gallid herpesvirus type 1, a member of the genus Iltovirus. It causes an infection in the upper respiratory tract mainly trachea which results in significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination against ILTV produced latent infected carriers' birds, which become a source of virus transmission to nonvaccinated flocks. Thus this study aimed to design safe multiepitopes vaccine against glycoprotein B of ILT virus using immunoinformatic tools. Forty-four sequences of complete envelope glycoprotein B were retrieved from GenBank of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and aligned for conservancy by multiple sequence alignment (MSA). Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) analysis resources were used to predict and analyze candidate epitopes that could act as a promising peptide vaccine. For B cell epitopes, thirty-one linear epitopes were predicted using Bepipred. However eight epitopes were found to be on both surface and antigenic epitopes using Emini surface accessibility and antigenicity, respectively. Three epitopes ( 190 KKLP 193 , 386 YSSTHVRS 393 , and 317 KESV 320 ) were proposed as B cell epitopes. For T cells several epitopes were interacted with MHC class I with high affinity and specificity, but the best recognized epitopes were 118 YVFNVTLYY 126 , 335 VSYKNSYHF 343 , and 622 YLLYEDYTF 630 . MHC-II binding epitopes, 301 FLTDEQFTI 309 , 277 FLEIANYQV 285 , and 743 IASFLSNPF 751 , were proposed as promising epitopes due to their high affinity for MHC-II molecules. Moreover the docked ligand epitopes from MHC-1 molecule exhibited high binding affinity with the receptors; BF chicken alleles (BF2 2101 and 0401) expressed by the lower global energy of the molecules. In this study nine epitopes were predicted as promising vaccine candidate against ILTV. In vivo and in vitro studies are required to support the effectiveness of these predicted epitopes as a multipeptide vaccine through clinical trials.

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Single stranded (ss)RNA-mediated antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus infection.

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Single stranded (ss)RNA-mediated antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus infection.

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